CATEGORYcat.tense
tense
The relationship between the time of speaking and the time being talked about: whether the described situation is placed before, during, or after it.
Tense marks the relationship between the time at which an utterance is made and the time about which a claim in that utterance is meant to hold. A past marking signals that the time under discussion precedes the moment of speaking; a present marking signals that the moment of speaking falls within the time under discussion; a future marking signals that the time under discussion follows the moment of speaking. Beyond this three-way core, a grammar may further mark how far the time under discussion sits from the moment of speaking, distinguishing, for instance, a form used only for the same day from one used for anything further off, and such distance marking can in principle apply symmetrically to both the past and the future. Tense is deliberately kept distinct from aspect here: tense concerns only where a time under discussion is placed relative to the moment of speaking, never how the internal structure of the situation within that time is presented.
- status
status documentedasserted, and the sources agree- provenance
provenance authoredwritten for Logos, from first principles- derivation status
derivation_status unstatednobody has said whether it follows from anything- salience
salience - No salience. Where no frequency source applies the object carries none, rather than a default or a guess (03-schema.md §3.5).
- aliases
aliases - None recorded.
- sources
sources - SOURCEUniMorph Schema (Sylak-Glassman 2016)
src.unimorph-schemano page in v1
- SOURCEUniMorph Schema (Sylak-Glassman 2016)
What kind of category this is
category.classificationA category is either a question or one of its answers. Which it is decides what else may be said about it.
- tier
tier dimensiona question a language can answer: it has a set of values- comparability
comparability comparativethe same category is compared across languages- scope
scope - No language scope. The field is null and that is an assertion, not a silence: a category is language-particular exactly when it names one.
- groups
groups verbalit lives on verbs
- ordered
ordered - the values form a scale, and their declared order is significant
The values this dimension admits
category.valuesOne admits edge per value. A dimension with no values is a question nobody has answered.
- CATEGORYfuture
cat.future - CATEGORYpast
cat.past - CATEGORYpresent
cat.present - CATEGORYrecent past
cat.recent-past - CATEGORYremote future
cat.remote-future - CATEGORYremote past
cat.remote-past
This dimension declares its values a scale. Shown in the declared order, without a scale drawn.
cat.tense
Where a dimension declares itself ordered, the scale draws the axis the set above deliberately does not (06-surface.md §3.5).
6-point scale, future to remote past. Evenly spaced by declared rank, not by distance — the record states an order, not how far apart the steps are.
Everything joined to this object
One group per typed edge, in both directions. A1b guarantees no object node is an orphan, so this is the whole navigation: an object with no edges would have failed the build rather than reached this page.
What this object is a kind of
Walking this object's own `is-a` edges: what it is a kind of. Several branches from one object are several classification axes, not competing supertypes.
- objects
- 1
- places drawn
- 1
- multi-parent
- None in this view. This subgraph happens to be a tree, which the explorer draws as one without assuming it is one.
- CATEGORYtense
cat.tenseCATEGORYThe relationship between the time of speaking and the time being talked about: whether the described situation is placed before, during, or after it.
Siblings are listed by name, then by id to break ties. That is a display choice made here and not an order the graph asserts.
Fan-out per dimension
A4One row per dimension, largest first. That is a display order, not a verdict: 03-schema.md declares no threshold above which fan-out is too much, so this reports the count and grades nothing.
- case13 values
- mood8 values
- voice8 values
- aspect7 values
- aktionsart6 values
- number6 values
- person6 values
- tense6 values
- comparison4 values
- evidentiality4 values
- gender4 values
- politeness4 values
- valency4 values
- animacy3 values
- definiteness3 values
- deixis3 values
- finiteness2 values
- information structure2 values
- interrogativity2 values
- polarity2 values
- switch-reference2 values
What kinds of this object there are
Walking the `is-a` edges that point at this object: what kinds of it there are. An object reachable two ways is drawn in both places and is still one object.
- objects
- 1
- places drawn
- 1
- multi-parent
- None in this view. This subgraph happens to be a tree, which the explorer draws as one without assuming it is one.
- CATEGORYtense
cat.tenseCATEGORYThe relationship between the time of speaking and the time being talked about: whether the described situation is placed before, during, or after it.
Siblings are listed by name, then by id to break ties. That is a display choice made here and not an order the graph asserts.
has-a
edges.has-athe parent carries this
these carry this object
- CLASSverbo
cls.spa.verbodocumentedmodeinherent
- REALIZATIONtense in English
rlz.eng.tensedocumentedmodeinherent
modeinherent
derives
edges.derivesthe why-chain
derived by
- DERIVATIONthe two languages inflect for very different numbers of tenses
der.spa.contraste-tiempodocumentedroleconclusion
roleconclusion