Logos

DERIVATIONder.spa.se-es-una-forma-para-muchas-construcciones

one shape carries seven unrelated constructions

A single unstressed pronoun appears in patterns that remove an argument, add one, mark reciprocity, mark reflexivity, mark completion, or leave the clause without a subject.

The shape is the most heavily loaded word in the language and the load is not ambiguity in the ordinary sense, because the patterns are told apart by their syntax rather than by context. Agreement separates two of them, the presence of a plural subject separates a third, the presence of a bounded object separates a fourth, and the argument structure of the verb separates the rest. Listing them as six constructions with one exponent rather than as six senses of one word is what allows each to carry its own slots and its own interpretation. The seventh pattern is the residue because it is composed of two of the six rather than standing beside them, and it has its own chain.

statusstatus
contestedasserted, and the sources disagree
provenanceprovenance
authoredwritten for Logos, from first principles
derivation statusderivation_status
unstatednobody has said whether it follows from anything
saliencesalience
No salience. Where no frequency source applies the object carries none, rather than a default or a guess (03-schema.md §3.5).
aliasesaliases
None recorded.
sourcessources
  • SOURCENueva gramática de la lengua española (2009)src.nueva-gramaticano page in v1
  • SOURCEA New Reference Grammar of Modern Spanish (Butt and Benjamin)src.butt-benjaminno page in v1

Premises

derivation.premises

What has to be true for this chain to run. Roughly half of a chain's premises are other derivations, so a premise is often itself a chain.

one shape carries seven unrelated constructions

A single unstressed pronoun appears in patterns that remove an argument, add one, mark reciprocity, mark reflexivity, mark completion, or leave the clause without a subject.

contestedforward

Premises (3)

Conclusions (6)

derives 6 of 7enumerated

The accidental pattern, which is not a use of the shape in its own right but the composition of two of the others.

Residue (1)

Premises and conclusions declare no order (A16); listed alphabetically by id, a display choice and not a claim about which matters most. The steps above them are the one part of this component that IS a declared sequence, read from the applies-to composition chain.

Conclusions

derivation.conclusions

What the chain establishes. This is a set rather than a single fact: 45 percent of sampled derivations conclude about several things at once, and the several-ness is the claim.

Coverage, and what it does not reach

derivation.coverage

The arithmetic half is a required field and the build checks it. The residue rows are the structured half of the same statement.

derives 6 of 7enumerated

The accidental pattern, which is not a use of the shape in its own right but the composition of two of the others.

every case was counted

Residue

Everything joined to this object

One group per typed edge, in both directions. A1b guarantees no object node is an orphan, so this is the whole navigation: an object with no edges would have failed the build rather than reached this page.

What this object is a kind of

Walking this object's own `is-a` edges: what it is a kind of. Several branches from one object are several classification axes, not competing supertypes.

objects
1
places drawn
1
multi-parent
None in this view. This subgraph happens to be a tree, which the explorer draws as one without assuming it is one.

Siblings are listed by name, then by id to break ties. That is a display choice made here and not an order the graph asserts.

Fan-out per dimension

A4

One row per dimension, largest first. That is a display order, not a verdict: 03-schema.md declares no threshold above which fan-out is too much, so this reports the count and grades nothing.

  • case13 values
  • mood8 values
  • voice8 values
  • aspect7 values
  • aktionsart6 values
  • number6 values
  • person6 values
  • tense6 values
  • comparison4 values
  • evidentiality4 values
  • gender4 values
  • politeness4 values
  • valency4 values
  • animacy3 values
  • definiteness3 values
  • deixis3 values
  • finiteness2 values
  • information structure2 values
  • interrogativity2 values
  • polarity2 values
  • switch-reference2 values

What kinds of this object there are

Walking the `is-a` edges that point at this object: what kinds of it there are. An object reachable two ways is drawn in both places and is still one object.

objects
1
places drawn
1
multi-parent
None in this view. This subgraph happens to be a tree, which the explorer draws as one without assuming it is one.

Siblings are listed by name, then by id to break ties. That is a display choice made here and not an order the graph asserts.

Every one of this object’s 13 edges are rendered above, in the sections its own type owns. Nothing is missing here and nothing is repeated.