Logos

FORMfrm.eng.was

was

The past of the copula in the first and third person singular, and the factual member of the only pair in the language where a mood contrast rests on inflection.

The past here is a single shape covering a bounded reading and an unbounded one alike, and no inflected shape anywhere in this language carries an aspectual value, which is why aspect is realized by frames rather than by shapes. This form carries no paradigm cell in the graph, and that is an assertion rather than an omission. The cell type is built on an eight value tense set and a five slot person set drawn from another language, and neither has a slot for an aspectually neutral past or for the person system this language actually has, so recording a cell would state a paradigm this language does not have.

statusstatus
documentedasserted, and the sources agree
provenanceprovenance
authoredwritten for Logos, from first principles
derivation statusderivation_status
unstatednobody has said whether it follows from anything
saliencesalience
No salience. Where no frequency source applies the object carries none, rather than a default or a guess (03-schema.md §3.5).
aliasesaliases
None recorded.
sourcessources
An empty list, which is an assertion: this rests on nothing external, and somebody checked. It is not the same as nobody having looked.

The shape

form.shape

What this form looks like, how it attaches, and in which medium it was recorded.

surfacesurface
was
boundnessboundness
freeit stands on its own as a word
host sizehost_size
host size: not recorded. Nobody has written this yetnot recorded
mediummedium
bothrecorded in both writing and speech
zerozero
falsethis form has a surface

The paradigm cell

form.cell

Where this form sits in a paradigm. A form that sits in none carries no cell, which is a fact about the form and not a gap.

This form sits in no paradigm. cell is optional exactly so that a form outside a paradigm can say so (03-schema.md §8.3).

Confusable with

form.confusable

Objects a reader is likely to mix up with this one, and the difference that separates them. The edge is symmetric and stored once, so this renders on both objects' pages from the one statement.

  • FORMwerefrm.eng.weredocumented

    what tells them apartIn the first and third person singular the two shapes divide a factual reading from a hypothetical one, and the second is the whole of the inflected non factual system of the language. Outside the singular the second shape is the ordinary past and no contrast arises.

Everything joined to this object

One group per typed edge, in both directions. A1b guarantees no object node is an orphan, so this is the whole navigation: an object with no edges would have failed the build rather than reached this page.

What this object is a kind of

Walking this object's own `is-a` edges: what it is a kind of. Several branches from one object are several classification axes, not competing supertypes.

objects
1
places drawn
1
multi-parent
None in this view. This subgraph happens to be a tree, which the explorer draws as one without assuming it is one.
  • FORMwasfrm.eng.wasFORM

    The past of the copula in the first and third person singular, and the factual member of the only pair in the language where a mood contrast rests on inflection.

Siblings are listed by name, then by id to break ties. That is a display choice made here and not an order the graph asserts.

Fan-out per dimension

A4

One row per dimension, largest first. That is a display order, not a verdict: 03-schema.md declares no threshold above which fan-out is too much, so this reports the count and grades nothing.

  • case13 values
  • mood8 values
  • voice8 values
  • aspect7 values
  • aktionsart6 values
  • number6 values
  • person6 values
  • tense6 values
  • comparison4 values
  • evidentiality4 values
  • gender4 values
  • politeness4 values
  • valency4 values
  • animacy3 values
  • definiteness3 values
  • deixis3 values
  • finiteness2 values
  • information structure2 values
  • interrogativity2 values
  • polarity2 values
  • switch-reference2 values

What kinds of this object there are

Walking the `is-a` edges that point at this object: what kinds of it there are. An object reachable two ways is drawn in both places and is still one object.

objects
1
places drawn
1
multi-parent
None in this view. This subgraph happens to be a tree, which the explorer draws as one without assuming it is one.
  • FORMwasfrm.eng.wasFORM

    The past of the copula in the first and third person singular, and the factual member of the only pair in the language where a mood contrast rests on inflection.

Siblings are listed by name, then by id to break ties. That is a display choice made here and not an order the graph asserts.

has-a

edges.has-a

the parent carries this

this object carries

form-of

edges.form-of

this shape belongs to this word

this shape belongs to

  • LEXEMEbelex.eng.beno page in v1documented
    • variant_iddefault