Logos

FUNCTIONfun.spa.complemento-de-regimen

complemento de régimen

The clause role a verb requires under a preposition that the verb itself fixes, so that replacing the preposition makes the clause ill formed rather than changing what it says.

The governed complement is the role that shows most clearly that a preposition can be a piece of grammar rather than a piece of meaning. A verb in this pattern requires a phrase, and it requires that phrase to arrive under one particular preposition, listed with the verb the way the number of its arguments is. The preposition contributes nothing a reader can compute: two verbs of nearly the same meaning may govern different prepositions, and one verb may govern different prepositions in different senses, which is the fact that makes the pattern something to be learned per verb rather than derived. The role is a complement and not an adjunct because it cannot be removed, and it is not the direct object because the marker in front of it is fixed by the verb rather than conditioned by what the phrase names. It is taken up by a stressed pronoun after the same preposition rather than by an unstressed one, which is a third test and the one that needs no judgment about completeness.

statusstatus
documentedasserted, and the sources agree
provenanceprovenance
authoredwritten for Logos, from first principles
derivation statusderivation_status
unstatednobody has said whether it follows from anything
saliencesalience
No salience. Where no frequency source applies the object carries none, rather than a default or a guess (03-schema.md §3.5).
aliasesaliases
  • metalanguageprepositional object
  • spanishcomplemento de régimen preposicional
sourcessources
  • SOURCENueva gramática de la lengua española (2009)src.nueva-gramaticano page in v1
  • SOURCEA New Reference Grammar of Modern Spanish (Butt and Benjamin)src.butt-benjaminno page in v1

The level it operates at

function.level

A function is a role something plays. This is the size of the thing whose structure supplies the role.

levellevel
clauseit is a role inside a clause, filled by a phrase

Confusable with

function.confusable

Objects a reader is likely to mix up with this one, and the difference that separates them. The edge is symmetric and stored once, so this renders on both objects' pages from the one statement.

  • FUNCTIONcomplemento circunstancialfun.spa.complemento-circunstancialdocumented

    what tells them apartBoth are phrases headed by a preposition, and nothing in their shape separates them. Two tests do. The preposition here is fixed by the verb and cannot be exchanged, while an adjunct's preposition is chosen for the circumstance it names and can be exchanged for another that names a different one. And this role cannot be dropped without leaving the clause incomplete, while an adjunct can always be dropped.

Everything joined to this object

One group per typed edge, in both directions. A1b guarantees no object node is an orphan, so this is the whole navigation: an object with no edges would have failed the build rather than reached this page.

What this object is a kind of

Walking this object's own `is-a` edges: what it is a kind of. Several branches from one object are several classification axes, not competing supertypes.

objects
1
places drawn
1
multi-parent
None in this view. This subgraph happens to be a tree, which the explorer draws as one without assuming it is one.

Siblings are listed by name, then by id to break ties. That is a display choice made here and not an order the graph asserts.

Fan-out per dimension

A4

One row per dimension, largest first. That is a display order, not a verdict: 03-schema.md declares no threshold above which fan-out is too much, so this reports the count and grades nothing.

  • case13 values
  • mood8 values
  • voice8 values
  • aspect7 values
  • aktionsart6 values
  • number6 values
  • person6 values
  • tense6 values
  • comparison4 values
  • evidentiality4 values
  • gender4 values
  • politeness4 values
  • valency4 values
  • animacy3 values
  • definiteness3 values
  • deixis3 values
  • finiteness2 values
  • information structure2 values
  • interrogativity2 values
  • polarity2 values
  • switch-reference2 values

What kinds of this object there are

Walking the `is-a` edges that point at this object: what kinds of it there are. An object reachable two ways is drawn in both places and is still one object.

objects
1
places drawn
1
multi-parent
None in this view. This subgraph happens to be a tree, which the explorer draws as one without assuming it is one.

Siblings are listed by name, then by id to break ties. That is a display choice made here and not an order the graph asserts.

selects

edges.selects

the parent requires this elsewhere

this object requires, elsewhere

  • CLASSpreposicióncls.spa.preposiciondocumented
    • conditionThe governing verb fixes which preposition heads the phrase, and that choice is a lexical property listed with the verb rather than a meaning chosen in the clause. Substituting another preposition of similar meaning does not shift the reading, it breaks the clause.

derives

edges.derives

the why-chain

derived by