Logos

OPERATIONopr.eng.suppletive-comparison

suppletive comparison

The replacement of a graded base by an unrelated word, so that the graded step of a very common word has to be learned rather than built.

Suppletion is the limiting case of grading: not a base altered by a rule but a second word standing in for it. The set is small, and its members are among the commonest gradable words in the language, which is the ordinary distribution for suppletion wherever it is found. Two consequences follow that no regular grading produces. A suppletive graded shape cannot be generated and has to be stored step by step, and one such shape can belong to two words at once, so the relation between a shape and a word is not a function in either direction.

The rule declares itself irreducible and names the rule it overrides, because the honest content of a suppletion statement is which words are exempt from the regular route, never what the exempt shape turns out to be. A coverage of zero is what that honesty looks like as a number. The set filed here is smaller than the set the language has: the comparison record also names bad and far, and neither is filed as a word in this graph yet, so the rule reaches only the three words that are.

statusstatus
documentedasserted, and the sources agree
provenanceprovenance
authoredwritten for Logos, from first principles
derivation statusderivation_status
irreducibleit follows from nothing: an arbitrary fact of the language
saliencesalience
No salience. Where no frequency source applies the object carries none, rather than a default or a guess (03-schema.md §3.5).
aliasesaliases
None recorded.
sourcessources
An empty list, which is an assertion: this rests on nothing external, and somebody checked. It is not the same as nobody having looked.

What it does, and when it fires

operation.rule

The domain it works in, and the firing condition as a sentence. The checkable form of that condition is the selects group below.

domaindomain
morphologicalit changes the shape of words
triggertrigger

A word of the small stored set is graded, so the step that would have been built from its base is served instead by a word sharing no material with that base.

How much it covers

operation.coverage

How many cases the operation actually derives, out of how many it claims, and how that was counted.

derives 0 of 1enumerated

All of it. This rule is the statement that a set of graded shapes follows from nothing, so a coverage of zero is the accurate number rather than a gap: it names which words hand their graded steps to an unrelated word, and it never says what that word looks like.

every case was counted

Everything joined to this object

One group per typed edge, in both directions. A1b guarantees no object node is an orphan, so this is the whole navigation: an object with no edges would have failed the build rather than reached this page.

What this object is a kind of

Walking this object's own `is-a` edges: what it is a kind of. Several branches from one object are several classification axes, not competing supertypes.

objects
1
places drawn
1
multi-parent
None in this view. This subgraph happens to be a tree, which the explorer draws as one without assuming it is one.

Siblings are listed by name, then by id to break ties. That is a display choice made here and not an order the graph asserts.

Fan-out per dimension

A4

One row per dimension, largest first. That is a display order, not a verdict: 03-schema.md declares no threshold above which fan-out is too much, so this reports the count and grades nothing.

  • case13 values
  • mood8 values
  • voice8 values
  • aspect7 values
  • aktionsart6 values
  • number6 values
  • person6 values
  • tense6 values
  • comparison4 values
  • evidentiality4 values
  • gender4 values
  • politeness4 values
  • valency4 values
  • animacy3 values
  • definiteness3 values
  • deixis3 values
  • finiteness2 values
  • information structure2 values
  • interrogativity2 values
  • polarity2 values
  • switch-reference2 values

What kinds of this object there are

Walking the `is-a` edges that point at this object: what kinds of it there are. An object reachable two ways is drawn in both places and is still one object.

objects
1
places drawn
1
multi-parent
None in this view. This subgraph happens to be a tree, which the explorer draws as one without assuming it is one.

Siblings are listed by name, then by id to break ties. That is a display choice made here and not an order the graph asserts.

applies-to

edges.applies-to

the operation's input

this operation applies to

  • LEXEMEgoodlex.eng.goodno page in v1documented

    This edge type carries no payload. The assertion is the edge itself.

  • LEXEMEmanylex.eng.manyno page in v1documented

    This edge type carries no payload. The assertion is the edge itself.

  • LEXEMEmuchlex.eng.muchno page in v1documented

    This edge type carries no payload. The assertion is the edge itself.

overrides

edges.overrides

declared arbitrariness (A7)

this object overrides

  • OPERATIONinflectional comparisonopr.eng.inflectional-comparisondocumented
    • reasonA replaced base leaves the suffix nothing to attach to, so in the graded steps this rule serves, suffixation has no input and does not fire. The two cannot both apply to one step, and the replacement wins, because once it has applied there is no base left for the suffix to read.

these objects override this one

  • FORMbetterfrm.eng.betterdocumented
    • reasonThe suppletion rule names which common words hand their graded steps to an unrelated word, and declares a coverage of zero for them because it never predicts what that word looks like. This shape is exactly that residue: the graded step of good, drawn from a base the plain form never uses. It is the case the rule was written to name, not an exception left over from it.
  • FORMmorefrm.eng.moredocumented
    • reasonThe suppletion rule names which common words hand their graded steps to an unrelated word, and declares a coverage of zero for them because it never predicts what that word looks like. This shape is that residue twice over: it is the graded step of two separate quantifiers at once, drawn from neither plain shape, so one form belongs to two words and nothing connects it to either. The work it does standing in front of a long base is a second job and is not what makes it arbitrary.