Logos

OPERATIONopr.spa.voseo

voseo

The change by which an old plural form of address became the ordinary singular one, carrying its own stressed pronoun and its own verb endings.

The result is a second person singular assembled from two sources, and the seam is visible in the paradigm. The stressed pronoun and the present and command endings come from the old plural, and the unstressed pronoun and the possessive come from the singular the change displaced, so a description that names one origin will be wrong about half the forms. The change is diachronic and its output is the ordinary present-day system rather than a marked variant, which is why it is recorded as an operation over the classes it reshaped rather than as a note about regional variation. As with the other diachronic operations here, the graph carries no historical stage to point at, so the inputs named are the modern classes the change left behind.

statusstatus
documentedasserted, and the sources agree
provenanceprovenance
authoredwritten for Logos, from first principles
derivation statusderivation_status
unstatednobody has said whether it follows from anything
saliencesalience
No salience. Where no frequency source applies the object carries none, rather than a default or a guess (03-schema.md §3.5).
aliasesaliases
  • metalanguagesecond person singular address with vos
sourcessources
An empty list, which is an assertion: this rests on nothing external, and somebody checked. It is not the same as nobody having looked.

What it does, and when it fires

operation.rule

The domain it works in, and the firing condition as a sentence. The checkable form of that condition is the selects group below.

domaindomain
diachronicit happened over time, in the history of the language
triggertrigger

A plural form used to address one person spreads until it is the unmarked singular and the older singular drops out of use.

How much it covers

operation.coverage

How many cases the operation actually derives, out of how many it claims, and how that was counted.

derives 2 of 3estimated

The unstressed pronoun, which did not follow the change and kept the shape the displaced singular used, so the person the change produced is mixed rather than uniform and cannot be described by naming one origin.

the number is an estimate and nothing counted it

Everything joined to this object

One group per typed edge, in both directions. A1b guarantees no object node is an orphan, so this is the whole navigation: an object with no edges would have failed the build rather than reached this page.

What this object is a kind of

Walking this object's own `is-a` edges: what it is a kind of. Several branches from one object are several classification axes, not competing supertypes.

objects
1
places drawn
1
multi-parent
None in this view. This subgraph happens to be a tree, which the explorer draws as one without assuming it is one.
  • OPERATIONvoseoopr.spa.voseoOPERATION

    The change by which an old plural form of address became the ordinary singular one, carrying its own stressed pronoun and its own verb endings.

Siblings are listed by name, then by id to break ties. That is a display choice made here and not an order the graph asserts.

Fan-out per dimension

A4

One row per dimension, largest first. That is a display order, not a verdict: 03-schema.md declares no threshold above which fan-out is too much, so this reports the count and grades nothing.

  • case13 values
  • mood8 values
  • voice8 values
  • aspect7 values
  • aktionsart6 values
  • number6 values
  • person6 values
  • tense6 values
  • comparison4 values
  • evidentiality4 values
  • gender4 values
  • politeness4 values
  • valency4 values
  • animacy3 values
  • definiteness3 values
  • deixis3 values
  • finiteness2 values
  • information structure2 values
  • interrogativity2 values
  • polarity2 values
  • switch-reference2 values

What kinds of this object there are

Walking the `is-a` edges that point at this object: what kinds of it there are. An object reachable two ways is drawn in both places and is still one object.

objects
1
places drawn
1
multi-parent
None in this view. This subgraph happens to be a tree, which the explorer draws as one without assuming it is one.
  • OPERATIONvoseoopr.spa.voseoOPERATION

    The change by which an old plural form of address became the ordinary singular one, carrying its own stressed pronoun and its own verb endings.

Siblings are listed by name, then by id to break ties. That is a display choice made here and not an order the graph asserts.

applies-to

edges.applies-to

the operation's input

this operation applies to

overrides

edges.overrides

declared arbitrariness (A7)

these objects override this one

  • FORMsosfrm.spa.sosdocumented
    • reasonThe voseo operation derives a familiar singular present by moving the stress to the ending of a shape built on the infinitive. This shape is not built on the infinitive at all and could not be produced by that operation, so it is a stored cell inside the cell set the operation otherwise covers.

derives

edges.derives

the why-chain

derived by