Logos

REALIZATIONrlz.spa-ar.finiteness

finiteness in Rioplatense Spanish

Every verb form in Rioplatense Spanish is either finite, carrying tense, mood and subject agreement together, or one of three forms that carry none of them, with nothing between the two sets.

Rioplatense Spanish separates its verb forms cleanly into two sets. A finite form carries a tense, a mood and a person and number agreement suffix at once, as canté and cantaría do, and it alone can stand as the predicate of an independent clause. The forms that lack that marking are three, the infinitive cantar, the gerund cantando and the participle cantado, and each of them depends on another element of the sentence; only the participle inflects at all, for gender and number, and only where it behaves as a modifier. No verb form sits outside the two sets and none is unmarked for the distinction, which is why the obligatoriness is recorded as pervasive rather than obligatory. An infinitive may take a subject of its own in some subordinate clauses, as in al llegar yo, without becoming finite, which shows that the boundary is drawn by the presence of tense and agreement marking rather than by the presence of a subject.

statusstatus
documentedasserted, and the sources agree
provenanceprovenance
authoredwritten for Logos, from first principles
derivation statusderivation_status
unstatednobody has said whether it follows from anything
saliencesalience
No salience. Where no frequency source applies the object carries none, rather than a default or a guess (03-schema.md §3.5).
aliasesaliases
None recorded.
sourcessources
  • SOURCENueva gramática de la lengua española (2009)src.nueva-gramaticano page in v1
  • SOURCEA New Reference Grammar of Modern Spanish (Butt and Benjamin)src.butt-benjaminno page in v1

What this language does about this category

realization.state

One of five states, or the eleventh cell: nobody has recorded a state, which is not a claim that the language lacks the distinction.

statestate
explicit, documented: marked in the word itselfexplicit
obligatorinessobligatoriness
pervasiveno unmarked form exists at all: the distinction is welded into the lexicon

The realizers

realization.via

Every via edge: this realizer, this way. An explicit or periphrastic state is a summary of this list, recomputed on every build and never authored.

  • FORMcantabafrm.spa.cantaba
    exponencevia.payload.exponence
    cumulativeone exponent carries this and other categories at once
    mediumvia.payload.medium
    both
    positionvia.payload.position
    the ending of the finite verb, which carries the finite value together with tense, aspect, person and number
  • FORMcantadofrm.spa.cantado
    exponencevia.payload.exponence
    separativethis category has an exponent of its own
    mediumvia.payload.medium
    both
    positionvia.payload.position
    the ending of the participle, the one nonfinite ending that itself inflects, and only for gender and number
  • FORMcantandofrm.spa.cantando
    exponencevia.payload.exponence
    separativethis category has an exponent of its own
    mediumvia.payload.medium
    both
    positionvia.payload.position
    the ending of the gerund, whose whole content is the absence of tense, mood and agreement
  • FORMcantarfrm.spa.cantar
    exponencevia.payload.exponence
    separativethis category has an exponent of its own
    mediumvia.payload.medium
    both
    positionvia.payload.position
    the ending of the citation shape, whose whole content is the absence of tense, mood and agreement

Everything joined to this object

One group per typed edge, in both directions. A1b guarantees no object node is an orphan, so this is the whole navigation: an object with no edges would have failed the build rather than reached this page.

What this object is a kind of

Walking this object's own `is-a` edges: what it is a kind of. Several branches from one object are several classification axes, not competing supertypes.

objects
1
places drawn
1
multi-parent
None in this view. This subgraph happens to be a tree, which the explorer draws as one without assuming it is one.

Siblings are listed by name, then by id to break ties. That is a display choice made here and not an order the graph asserts.

Fan-out per dimension

A4

One row per dimension, largest first. That is a display order, not a verdict: 03-schema.md declares no threshold above which fan-out is too much, so this reports the count and grades nothing.

  • case13 values
  • mood8 values
  • voice8 values
  • aspect7 values
  • aktionsart6 values
  • number6 values
  • person6 values
  • tense6 values
  • comparison4 values
  • evidentiality4 values
  • gender4 values
  • politeness4 values
  • valency4 values
  • animacy3 values
  • definiteness3 values
  • deixis3 values
  • finiteness2 values
  • information structure2 values
  • interrogativity2 values
  • polarity2 values
  • switch-reference2 values

What kinds of this object there are

Walking the `is-a` edges that point at this object: what kinds of it there are. An object reachable two ways is drawn in both places and is still one object.

objects
1
places drawn
1
multi-parent
None in this view. This subgraph happens to be a tree, which the explorer draws as one without assuming it is one.

Siblings are listed by name, then by id to break ties. That is a display choice made here and not an order the graph asserts.

has-a

edges.has-a

the parent carries this

this object carries

derives

edges.derives

the why-chain

derived by