Logos

Words / cls.spa.determinante

este

Identity

Lemma
este
Part of speech
cls.spa.determinanteread off the URL segment (in turn parsed from the LEXEME id by lib/routes.ts’s posAndLemmaOf), because Lexeme carries no pos field yet (LAN-217/LAN-274). This route is built to prefer node.data.pos as the field once that migration lands; until then, the id is the only source and this line says so rather than hiding it.
Frequency rank
frequency rank: not recorded. Nobody has written this yetnot recorded
Gloss
The demonstrative placing a referent near the speaker, in a three way distance contrast.

The near term of a three way system, measured from the speaker. It inflects for gender and number like an adjective and has a further invariable shape, esto, used where there is no noun to agree with. The three way contrast is the whole of what the language grammaticalises about spatial deixis: nothing marks whether a referent is visible, and nothing marks whether it is above or below.

Sourced from:

  • Nueva gramática de la lengua española (2009)grammarentryno public licenceretrieved 2026-08-04by Real Academia Española and Asociación de Academias de la Lengua Española
  • A New Reference Grammar of Modern Spanish (Butt and Benjamin)grammarentryno public licenceretrieved 2026-08-04by John Butt and Carmen Benjamin

Paradigm

Non-finite forms (no person, so no coordinate in the five-column grid):

  • estasThe near demonstrative's feminine plural shape.
  • estaThe near demonstrative's feminine singular shape, agreeing with a feminine referent at the speaker's own distance.
  • esteThe masculine singular near demonstrative, placing a referent close to the speaker.
  • estosThe near demonstrative's masculine plural shape, the ordinary way to point at more than one nearby referent.

Class memberships

has-a edges to CLASS objects (06-surface.md §5.2) — the door back into the grammar. Subsumption (is-a) is not available here: it is same-type-only (A3), so a LEXEME cannot is-a a CLASS.

Examples

Each example declares its dialect and tier, per 06-surface.md §5.2 (“the interface ranks and labels rather than silently mixing registers”).

No examples are recorded for this lexeme (Lexeme.examples is optional; absent key = unstated, per lib/schema/nodes.ts’s own note — never a stub sentence invented to fill the section).

Where the grammar discusses this word

05-vocabulary.md §10.9’s own requirement: “a vocab entry links back to the grammar.” has-a edges to CATEGORY and inbound selects edges, both real graph edges rather than a generated cross-reference.

No CATEGORY membership or selects edge is recorded for this lexeme.