Index three
Words
Two populations of Spanish vocabulary, under one shell. The closed classes are exhaustive rosters whose count is the claim; the open classes are frequency-ranked, the one ordering principle in this app that is earned from data rather than from a book’s chapter order.
Reading production (data/index.json).
Closed classes
30 closed classes declared in the grammar. Each links to its own roster, where the exhaustive badge — when the source data actually verifies it — renders alongside the members themselves.
- artículo
A determiner that marks definiteness alone, with no descriptive content, and that contracts with two prepositions.
3 members minted — the source catalogue enumerates 9.
- clítico acusativo
An unstressed pronoun that expresses a direct object and marks gender as well as number.
0 members minted.
- clítico dativo
An unstressed pronoun that expresses an indirect object and marks number but not gender.
0 members minted.
- clítico reflexivo
An unstressed pronoun coreferential with the subject, with a form of its own in the third person and borrowed forms elsewhere.
0 members minted.
- conjunción
An invariable closed-class word that joins two units, either two of equal rank or a subordinate clause to a main one.
39 members minted.
- determinante
A closed-class word that stands before a noun and fixes its reference, agreeing with that noun in gender and in number.
34 members minted — the source catalogue enumerates 35.
- numeral cardinal
The numeral that answers how many, counting the members of a set without ordering them.
39 members minted.
- numeral multiplicativo
The numeral that states how many times a quantity is taken, invariable in gender and agreeing in number.
4 members minted.
- numeral ordinal
The numeral that places a member of a set at a position in an order, agreeing with its noun in gender and number.
10 members minted.
- plural invariable
A noun whose plural is identical to its singular, with number marked only by the words agreeing with it.
2 members minted.
- preposición
An invariable closed-class word that takes a nominal complement and marks the relation between that complement and something else.
43 members minted — the source catalogue enumerates 23.
- pronombre
A closed-class word that stands in place of a noun phrase and carries person, number, gender and a case distinction of its own.
29 members minted — the source catalogue enumerates 59.
- pronombre átono
A pronoun that carries no stress of its own, attaches to a verb, and cannot stand alone or follow a preposition.
6 members minted.
- pronombre tónico
A pronoun that carries stress, can stand alone, can be coordinated and can be the complement of a preposition.
8 members minted.
- segunda conjugación
The verb class whose infinitive ends in -er, closed to new members and sharing most of its endings with the third.
13 members minted.
- sustantivo ambiguo en cuanto al género
A noun that takes either gender for the same referent, the choice conditioned by register or region rather than by meaning.
1 member minted.
- tercera conjugación
The verb class whose infinitive ends in -ir, closed to new members and the only one whose stem alternations reach the preterite.
5 members minted.
- verbo auxiliar
A verb that carries the tense, mood and agreement of a two-part predicate while a nonfinite form beside it carries the meaning.
3 members minted.
- verbo con alternancia doble
A third-conjugation verb that diphthongises under stress and raises its stem vowel in the cells where the diphthong cannot appear.
0 members minted.
- verbo con cierre e a i
A third-conjugation verb whose stem vowel e becomes i, in the stressed present cells and in a further set of unstressed ones.
1 member minted.
- verbo con diptongación e a ie
A verb whose stem vowel e becomes ie in the cells where the stem carries the stress, and stays e everywhere else.
3 members minted.
- verbo con diptongación i a ie
A verb whose stem vowel i becomes ie under stress. Two third-conjugation verbs sharing one stem carry the pattern.
0 members minted.
- verbo con diptongación o a ue
A verb whose stem vowel o becomes ue in the cells where the stem carries the stress, and stays o everywhere else.
2 members minted.
- verbo con diptongación u a ue
A verb whose stem vowel u becomes ue under stress. The class has one member in the modern language.
0 members minted.
- verbo con futuro sincopado
A verb whose future and conditional stem is shortened, with the infinitive vowel dropped and sometimes a consonant inserted.
12 members minted.
- verbo con participio irregular
A verb whose past participle is built on a separate stem rather than by the regular suffix on the ordinary one.
4 members minted.
- verbo con pretérito fuerte
A verb with a separate preterite stem whose first and third person singular carry the stress on the stem rather than the ending.
14 members minted.
- verbo defectivo
A verb that lacks part of its paradigm, so that certain cells have no form at all rather than an irregular one.
2 members minted.
- verbo supletivo
A verb whose paradigm is built from two or more unrelated stems, so that no rule connects one part of it to another.
2 members minted.
- verbo velarizado
A verb that inserts a velar consonant before the ending in the first person singular of the present and throughout the present subjunctive.
9 members minted.
Open classes
14 open classes are declared in the grammar, with 116 lexemes belonging to at least one of them today.
None of the 116 open-class lexemes carry a frequency rank yet. The frequency-ranked vocabulary (~1,000 nouns, ~300 verbs per 06-surface.md §1.4) is a Vocabulary-milestone ingestion (LAN-111/LAN-119) that has not landed content in this graph. This is the real state, not a stub — the list below will render in rank order, with each lemma’s source printed beside it, the moment frequency_rank is stated on a real LEXEME node.