Logos

CLASScls.spa.plural-en-es

plural en es

A noun that forms its plural by adding es, the pattern taken by nouns ending in a consonant and by some ending in a stressed vowel.

The pattern is computed from the final segment of the singular, so membership requires no listing. Two conditions feed it: a noun ending in a consonant, and a noun ending in one of the stressed high vowels, though the second condition competes with the shorter pattern and both plurals are accepted for many of the nouns that meet it. Two further effects follow mechanically. A noun ending in the letter z respells that letter before the ending, which is the nominal counterpart of the orthographic alternation in the verb, and a noun with final stress loses its written accent in the plural because the stress is no longer final. The class is open, and it is the pattern a new consonant-final borrowing joins.

statusstatus
documentedasserted, and the sources agree
provenanceprovenance
authoredwritten for Logos, from first principles
derivation statusderivation_status
unstatednobody has said whether it follows from anything
saliencesalience
No salience. Where no frequency source applies the object carries none, rather than a default or a guess (03-schema.md §3.5).
aliasesaliases
  • metalanguagees plural
  • metalanguagecls.es.plural-en-es
sourcessources
An empty list, which is an assertion: this rests on nothing external, and somebody checked. It is not the same as nobody having looked.

Openness and membership

class.openness

Whether the class can be listed at all, and whether its members are written down or worked out.

opennessopenness
opennew members keep arriving, so no list of them is ever finished
membershipmembership
computedmembership is decided by a rule, not by a list

Everything joined to this object

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What this object is a kind of

Walking this object's own `is-a` edges: what it is a kind of. Several branches from one object are several classification axes, not competing supertypes.

objects
2
places drawn
2
multi-parent
None in this view. This subgraph happens to be a tree, which the explorer draws as one without assuming it is one.

dimensions in viewgender-assignmentplural-formation

  • CLASSplural en escls.spa.plural-en-esCLASS
    1 kind

    A noun that forms its plural by adding es, the pattern taken by nouns ending in a consonant and by some ending in a stressed vowel.

    • CLASSsustantivocls.spa.sustantivoCLASSdimensionplural-formationdocumented

      A word that names an entity and that carries a gender of its own, so that every word agreeing with it has to match that gender.

Siblings are listed by name, then by id to break ties. That is a display choice made here and not an order the graph asserts.

Fan-out per dimension

A4

One row per dimension, largest first. That is a display order, not a verdict: 03-schema.md declares no threshold above which fan-out is too much, so this reports the count and grades nothing.

  • case13 values
  • mood8 values
  • voice8 values
  • aspect7 values
  • aktionsart6 values
  • number6 values
  • person6 values
  • tense6 values
  • comparison4 values
  • evidentiality4 values
  • gender4 values
  • politeness4 values
  • valency4 values
  • animacy3 values
  • definiteness3 values
  • deixis3 values
  • finiteness2 values
  • information structure2 values
  • interrogativity2 values
  • polarity2 values
  • switch-reference2 values

What kinds of this object there are

Walking the `is-a` edges that point at this object: what kinds of it there are. An object reachable two ways is drawn in both places and is still one object.

objects
1
places drawn
1
multi-parent
None in this view. This subgraph happens to be a tree, which the explorer draws as one without assuming it is one.

dimensions in viewplural-formation

Siblings are listed by name, then by id to break ties. That is a display choice made here and not an order the graph asserts.

is-a

edges.is-a

subsumption

this object is a

has-a

edges.has-a

the parent carries this

these carry this object

applies-to

edges.applies-to

the operation's input

these operations apply to this object

derives

edges.derives

the why-chain

derived by