Logos

CLASScls.spa.sustantivo

sustantivo

A word that names an entity and that carries a gender of its own, so that every word agreeing with it has to match that gender.

The noun is the largest open lexical class of the language. Its defining behaviour is that it carries gender without expressing it: a noun is masculine or feminine as a lexical fact, and the final segment of the word is a strong tendency toward that fact rather than a rule that fixes it. Number is different in kind. It is inflectional, it is marked on the noun itself, and the marking is predictable from the noun's final segment with no listing required. The two behaviours together make the noun the origin of every agreement chain in the clause, since determiners and adjectives read their gender and their number off the noun rather than carrying either one. New nouns enter the class freely by borrowing, by compounding and by derivation, and nothing in the grammar limits the set.

statusstatus
documentedasserted, and the sources agree
provenanceprovenance
authoredwritten for Logos, from first principles
derivation statusderivation_status
unstatednobody has said whether it follows from anything
saliencesalience
No salience. Where no frequency source applies the object carries none, rather than a default or a guess (03-schema.md §3.5).
aliasesaliases
  • metalanguagenoun
  • metalanguagecls.es.sustantivo
sourcessources
An empty list, which is an assertion: this rests on nothing external, and somebody checked. It is not the same as nobody having looked.

Openness and membership

class.openness

Whether the class can be listed at all, and whether its members are written down or worked out.

opennessopenness
opennew members keep arriving, so no list of them is ever finished
membershipmembership
storedthe members are enumerated one by one

Everything joined to this object

One group per typed edge, in both directions. A1b guarantees no object node is an orphan, so this is the whole navigation: an object with no edges would have failed the build rather than reached this page.

What this object is a kind of

Walking this object's own `is-a` edges: what it is a kind of. Several branches from one object are several classification axes, not competing supertypes.

objects
1
places drawn
1
multi-parent
None in this view. This subgraph happens to be a tree, which the explorer draws as one without assuming it is one.

dimensions in viewgender-assignmentplural-formation

  • CLASSsustantivocls.spa.sustantivoCLASS

    A word that names an entity and that carries a gender of its own, so that every word agreeing with it has to match that gender.

Siblings are listed by name, then by id to break ties. That is a display choice made here and not an order the graph asserts.

Fan-out per dimension

A4

One row per dimension, largest first. That is a display order, not a verdict: 03-schema.md declares no threshold above which fan-out is too much, so this reports the count and grades nothing.

  • case13 values
  • mood8 values
  • voice8 values
  • aspect7 values
  • aktionsart6 values
  • number6 values
  • person6 values
  • tense6 values
  • comparison4 values
  • evidentiality4 values
  • gender4 values
  • politeness4 values
  • valency4 values
  • animacy3 values
  • definiteness3 values
  • deixis3 values
  • finiteness2 values
  • information structure2 values
  • interrogativity2 values
  • polarity2 values
  • switch-reference2 values

What kinds of this object there are

Walking the `is-a` edges that point at this object: what kinds of it there are. An object reachable two ways is drawn in both places and is still one object.

objects
8
places drawn
8
multi-parent
None in this view. This subgraph happens to be a tree, which the explorer draws as one without assuming it is one.

dimensions in viewgender-assignmentplural-formation

Siblings are listed by name, then by id to break ties. That is a display choice made here and not an order the graph asserts.

is-a

edges.is-a

subsumption

these are kinds of this object

has-a

edges.has-a

the parent carries this

this object carries

these carry this object

becomes

edges.becomes

the parent converts into this

this object converts into

these convert into this object

selects

edges.selects

the parent requires this elsewhere

these require this object elsewhere

applies-to

edges.applies-to

the operation's input

these operations apply to this object

derives

edges.derives

the why-chain

derived by