Logos

OPERATIONopr.spa.concordancia

concordancia

The copying of a value one word already holds onto every word that depends on it, so the second word states what the first one carries.

Agreement is one operation with many inputs rather than a family of separate rules, and the reason is that the copying is identical wherever it happens: a value held by one word is stated again by another, and only the pair of words and the dimension change. Carving a nominal agreement rule, a verbal agreement rule and a participial agreement rule would state one mechanism three times and would make the three copies free to drift. Three dimensions are copied. Gender and number run from the noun through the determiner, the adjective and the predicative participle; person and number run from the subject to the finite verb. Nothing copies case. Two consequences follow from stating it this way. Agreement is what makes a stored property visible, so a noun's gender is observable only because something copies it, and a value that nothing copies is not thereby absent. And because the operation states the copying and not the values, a change in the value inventory does not touch it.

statusstatus
documentedasserted, and the sources agree
provenanceprovenance
authoredwritten for Logos, from first principles
derivation statusderivation_status
unstatednobody has said whether it follows from anything
saliencesalience
No salience. Where no frequency source applies the object carries none, rather than a default or a guess (03-schema.md §3.5).
aliasesaliases
  • metalanguageagreement
sourcessources
An empty list, which is an assertion: this rests on nothing external, and somebody checked. It is not the same as nobody having looked.

What it does, and when it fires

operation.rule

The domain it works in, and the firing condition as a sentence. The checkable form of that condition is the selects group below.

domaindomain
syntacticit arranges or constrains words in a structure
triggertrigger

Two words stand in a dependency the grammar marks: a determiner or an adjective with its noun, a finite verb with its subject, a participle with what it is predicated of.

How much it covers

operation.coverage

How many cases the operation actually derives, out of how many it claims, and how that was counted.

derives 3 of 4enumerated

Case, which no dependent word copies. The unstressed pronouns do distinguish case, and they carry it as their own class membership rather than reading it off a controller, so what looks like a fourth agreeing dimension is not agreement at all.

every case was counted

Everything joined to this object

One group per typed edge, in both directions. A1b guarantees no object node is an orphan, so this is the whole navigation: an object with no edges would have failed the build rather than reached this page.

What this object is a kind of

Walking this object's own `is-a` edges: what it is a kind of. Several branches from one object are several classification axes, not competing supertypes.

objects
1
places drawn
1
multi-parent
None in this view. This subgraph happens to be a tree, which the explorer draws as one without assuming it is one.

Siblings are listed by name, then by id to break ties. That is a display choice made here and not an order the graph asserts.

Fan-out per dimension

A4

One row per dimension, largest first. That is a display order, not a verdict: 03-schema.md declares no threshold above which fan-out is too much, so this reports the count and grades nothing.

  • case13 values
  • mood8 values
  • voice8 values
  • aspect7 values
  • aktionsart6 values
  • number6 values
  • person6 values
  • tense6 values
  • comparison4 values
  • evidentiality4 values
  • gender4 values
  • politeness4 values
  • valency4 values
  • animacy3 values
  • definiteness3 values
  • deixis3 values
  • finiteness2 values
  • information structure2 values
  • interrogativity2 values
  • polarity2 values
  • switch-reference2 values

What kinds of this object there are

Walking the `is-a` edges that point at this object: what kinds of it there are. An object reachable two ways is drawn in both places and is still one object.

objects
1
places drawn
1
multi-parent
None in this view. This subgraph happens to be a tree, which the explorer draws as one without assuming it is one.

Siblings are listed by name, then by id to break ties. That is a display choice made here and not an order the graph asserts.

has-a

edges.has-a

the parent carries this

this object carries

becomes

edges.becomes

the parent converts into this

this object converts into

applies-to

edges.applies-to

the operation's input

this operation applies to

via

edges.via

this realizer, this way

this object realizes

overrides

edges.overrides

declared arbitrariness (A7)

these objects override this one

  • CONSTRUCTIONimpersonal reflejacon.spa.impersonal-reflejadocumented
    • reasonThe finite verb stays third person singular however the phrase beside it is numbered, so the one dependency agreement would otherwise mark is left unmarked here.
  • FORMhayfrm.spa.haydocumented
    • reasonThe shape asserts existence and keeps one form whatever the number of the thing asserted to exist, so a plural argument does not produce a plural verb. Agreement is stated as the master operation of the language and this cell does not participate in it.
  • OPERATIONalternancia del artículoopr.spa.alternancia-del-articulodocumented
    • reasonThe article takes a shape that does not match the class of the noun it stands with, so in this environment a phonological condition decides the article's shape and the agreement it shows everywhere else is not visible in it.
  • OPERATIONgramaticalización del perfectoopr.spa.gramaticalizacion-del-perfectodocumented
    • reasonThe participle inside the compound tense stops matching what the clause is about, so the agreement it shows wherever else it appears is suspended in this one environment.
  • OPERATIONsustitución de seopr.spa.sustitucion-de-sedocumented
    • reasonThe replacement collapses the dative's own number distinction, so in this one environment the pronoun stops stating the number of what it refers to and the agreement it carries everywhere else is not expressed.

derives

edges.derives

the why-chain

derived by