Logos

REALIZATIONrlz.spa-ar.gender

gender in Rioplatense Spanish

Every noun in Rioplatense Spanish belongs to one of two agreement classes as a property stored with the word, and determiners, adjectives and participles copy that class.

Rioplatense Spanish sorts its nouns into two agreement classes, traditionally called masculine and feminine, and the class of a noun is stored with the word rather than chosen when the word is used: libro belongs to the first and mesa to the second, and neither can be otherwise. Determiners, adjectives and participles copy the class, which is the mechanism that makes it visible, as el libro rojo and la mesa roja show. For nouns denoting people and many animals the class tracks sex; elsewhere it correlates loosely with the final vowel and otherwise has simply to be learned, which is the mix of natural and formal criteria the dimension describes. Because no noun lacks a class, the obligatoriness is recorded as pervasive: the category is welded into the lexicon rather than selected on each use. The finite verb never copies gender. Only the participle does, and only where it modifies a noun or completes ser or estar, so the agreement runs through the noun phrase and the predicate rather than through the verbal inflection.

statusstatus
documentedasserted, and the sources agree
provenanceprovenance
authoredwritten for Logos, from first principles
derivation statusderivation_status
unstatednobody has said whether it follows from anything
saliencesalience
No salience. Where no frequency source applies the object carries none, rather than a default or a guess (03-schema.md §3.5).
aliasesaliases
None recorded.
sourcessources
  • SOURCENueva gramática de la lengua española (2009)src.nueva-gramaticano page in v1
  • SOURCEA New Reference Grammar of Modern Spanish (Butt and Benjamin)src.butt-benjaminno page in v1

What this language does about this category

realization.state

One of five states, or the eleventh cell: nobody has recorded a state, which is not a claim that the language lacks the distinction.

statestate
explicit, documented: marked in the word itselfexplicit
obligatorinessobligatoriness
pervasiveno unmarked form exists at all: the distinction is welded into the lexicon

The realizers

realization.via

Every via edge: this realizer, this way. An explicit or periphrastic state is a summary of this list, recomputed on every build and never authored.

  • FORMelfrm.spa.el
    exponencevia.payload.exponence
    cumulativeone exponent carries this and other categories at once
    mediumvia.payload.medium
    both
    positionvia.payload.position
    a separate word before the noun, whose shape states the noun's class together with number and definiteness
  • FORMlafrm.spa.la
    exponencevia.payload.exponence
    cumulativeone exponent carries this and other categories at once
    mediumvia.payload.medium
    both
    positionvia.payload.position
    a separate word before the noun, whose shape states the noun's class together with number and definiteness
  • OPERATIONconcordanciaopr.spa.concordancia
    exponencevia.payload.exponence
    cumulativeone exponent carries this and other categories at once
    mediumvia.payload.medium
    both
    positionvia.payload.position
    the ending of every determiner, adjective and participle depending on the noun, which states the class together with number
  • OPERATIONmoción de géneroopr.spa.mocion-de-genero
    exponencevia.payload.exponence
    separativethis category has an exponent of its own
    mediumvia.payload.medium
    both
    positionvia.payload.position
    an ending replacing or added to the masculine word, available for words denoting people and many animals

Everything joined to this object

One group per typed edge, in both directions. A1b guarantees no object node is an orphan, so this is the whole navigation: an object with no edges would have failed the build rather than reached this page.

What this object is a kind of

Walking this object's own `is-a` edges: what it is a kind of. Several branches from one object are several classification axes, not competing supertypes.

objects
1
places drawn
1
multi-parent
None in this view. This subgraph happens to be a tree, which the explorer draws as one without assuming it is one.

Siblings are listed by name, then by id to break ties. That is a display choice made here and not an order the graph asserts.

Fan-out per dimension

A4

One row per dimension, largest first. That is a display order, not a verdict: 03-schema.md declares no threshold above which fan-out is too much, so this reports the count and grades nothing.

  • case13 values
  • mood8 values
  • voice8 values
  • aspect7 values
  • aktionsart6 values
  • number6 values
  • person6 values
  • tense6 values
  • comparison4 values
  • evidentiality4 values
  • gender4 values
  • politeness4 values
  • valency4 values
  • animacy3 values
  • definiteness3 values
  • deixis3 values
  • finiteness2 values
  • information structure2 values
  • interrogativity2 values
  • polarity2 values
  • switch-reference2 values

What kinds of this object there are

Walking the `is-a` edges that point at this object: what kinds of it there are. An object reachable two ways is drawn in both places and is still one object.

objects
1
places drawn
1
multi-parent
None in this view. This subgraph happens to be a tree, which the explorer draws as one without assuming it is one.

Siblings are listed by name, then by id to break ties. That is a display choice made here and not an order the graph asserts.

has-a

edges.has-a

the parent carries this

this object carries

derives

edges.derives

the why-chain

derived by