Logos

CLASScls.spa.pronombre

pronombre

A closed-class word that stands in place of a noun phrase and carries person, number, gender and a case distinction of its own.

The pronoun is the only class in the language that inflects for case. Every other nominal keeps one shape in every syntactic position, while the pronoun distinguishes a subject shape from the object shapes and, within the object shapes, distinguishes a direct object from an indirect one. Person is the pronoun's own property and not an agreement, which makes the pronoun the origin of the person value the verb copies. Number and gender are inherent as well, though gender is neutralised in the first and second persons. The class also carries the politeness distinction, since the deferential second person is expressed by a pronoun that takes third person agreement on the verb, so one lexical choice moves the whole agreement chain. The class divides sharply by prosody, and that divide predicts more morphological behaviour than any other split inside it.

statusstatus
documentedasserted, and the sources agree
provenanceprovenance
authoredwritten for Logos, from first principles
derivation statusderivation_status
unstatednobody has said whether it follows from anything
saliencesalience
No salience. Where no frequency source applies the object carries none, rather than a default or a guess (03-schema.md §3.5).
aliasesaliases
  • metalanguagepronoun
  • metalanguagecls.es.pronombre
sourcessources
An empty list, which is an assertion: this rests on nothing external, and somebody checked. It is not the same as nobody having looked.

Openness and membership

class.openness

Whether the class can be listed at all, and whether its members are written down or worked out.

opennessopenness
closedthe membership is fixed, so an exhaustive list is possible
membershipmembership
storedthe members are enumerated one by one

DataTableLAN-59 (component) / LAN-198 (route)not built yet

DataTable itself is built and exported, but its home for a closed class is not this object page — it is the roster route /words/cls.spa.pronombre, and that route does not exist yet (LAN-198, "Build /words/<class-slug>"). This mount names a component with nowhere on the app to receive it, not a component missing props: this section has everything DataTable needs (the class id, its exhaustive-count verification), and there is still no page to hand it to.

Confusable with

class.confusable

Objects a reader is likely to mix up with this one, and the difference that separates them. The edge is symmetric and stored once, so this renders on both objects' pages from the one statement.

  • CLASSdeterminantecls.spa.determinantedocumented

    what tells them apartA determiner accompanies a noun and takes its gender and number from that noun; a pronoun replaces a whole noun phrase and carries person, gender and number of its own. Most demonstrative and possessive forms belong to both classes and are told apart by whether a noun follows.

Everything joined to this object

One group per typed edge, in both directions. A1b guarantees no object node is an orphan, so this is the whole navigation: an object with no edges would have failed the build rather than reached this page.

What this object is a kind of

Walking this object's own `is-a` edges: what it is a kind of. Several branches from one object are several classification axes, not competing supertypes.

objects
1
places drawn
1
multi-parent
None in this view. This subgraph happens to be a tree, which the explorer draws as one without assuming it is one.

dimensions in viewprosodic-status

  • CLASSpronombrecls.spa.pronombreCLASS

    A closed-class word that stands in place of a noun phrase and carries person, number, gender and a case distinction of its own.

Siblings are listed by name, then by id to break ties. That is a display choice made here and not an order the graph asserts.

Fan-out per dimension

A4

One row per dimension, largest first. That is a display order, not a verdict: 03-schema.md declares no threshold above which fan-out is too much, so this reports the count and grades nothing.

  • case13 values
  • mood8 values
  • voice8 values
  • aspect7 values
  • aktionsart6 values
  • number6 values
  • person6 values
  • tense6 values
  • comparison4 values
  • evidentiality4 values
  • gender4 values
  • politeness4 values
  • valency4 values
  • animacy3 values
  • definiteness3 values
  • deixis3 values
  • finiteness2 values
  • information structure2 values
  • interrogativity2 values
  • polarity2 values
  • switch-reference2 values

What kinds of this object there are

Walking the `is-a` edges that point at this object: what kinds of it there are. An object reachable two ways is drawn in both places and is still one object.

objects
6
places drawn
6
multi-parent
None in this view. This subgraph happens to be a tree, which the explorer draws as one without assuming it is one.

dimensions in viewcaseprosodic-status

Siblings are listed by name, then by id to break ties. That is a display choice made here and not an order the graph asserts.

is-a

edges.is-a

subsumption

these are kinds of this object

has-a

edges.has-a

the parent carries this

this object carries

these carry this object

selects

edges.selects

the parent requires this elsewhere

these require this object elsewhere

applies-to

edges.applies-to

the operation's input

these operations apply to this object

derives

edges.derives

the why-chain

derived by