Logos

Words / cls.spa.pronombre

lo

Identity

Lemma
lo
Part of speech
cls.spa.pronombreread off the URL segment (in turn parsed from the LEXEME id by lib/routes.ts’s posAndLemmaOf), because Lexeme carries no pos field yet (LAN-217/LAN-274). This route is built to prefer node.data.pos as the field once that migration lands; until then, the id is the only source and this line says so rather than hiding it.
Frequency rank
frequency rank: not recorded. Nobody has written this yetnot recorded
Gloss
The unstressed third person direct object pronoun, marking gender and number in four shapes.

The accusative series marks gender in both numbers while the dative series marks none, so the two sets carry different amounts of information and do not stand in a one to one correspondence. The record is contested on two counts at once. A widespread pattern uses the dative shape for a masculine animate direct object, which makes the boundary between the two series a matter of variety rather than a settled fact, and the competing analysis of the whole unstressed series as verbal agreement would remove this word from the pronoun class altogether. The shape lo is shared with the invariable determiner, and the two are separate words on any of these readings.

Sourced from:

  • Nueva gramática de la lengua española (2009)grammarentryno public licenceretrieved 2026-08-04by Real Academia Española and Asociación de Academias de la Lengua Española
  • A New Reference Grammar of Modern Spanish (Butt and Benjamin)grammarentryno public licenceretrieved 2026-08-04by John Butt and Carmen Benjamin

Paradigm

Non-finite forms (no person, so no coordinate in the five-column grid):

  • lasOne shape belonging to two words at once: the feminine plural definite article, and the feminine plural unstressed direct object pronoun.
  • laOne shape belonging to two words at once: the feminine singular definite article, and the feminine singular unstressed direct object pronoun.
  • losOne shape belonging to two words at once: the masculine plural definite article, and the masculine plural unstressed direct object pronoun.
  • loThe shape both invariable determiners and the unstressed direct object pronoun claim, and the single clearest case of one surface belonging to two words.

Class memberships

has-a edges to CLASS objects (06-surface.md §5.2) — the door back into the grammar. Subsumption (is-a) is not available here: it is same-type-only (A3), so a LEXEME cannot is-a a CLASS.

Examples

Each example declares its dialect and tier, per 06-surface.md §5.2 (“the interface ranks and labels rather than silently mixing registers”).

No examples are recorded for this lexeme (Lexeme.examples is optional; absent key = unstated, per lib/schema/nodes.ts’s own note — never a stub sentence invented to fill the section).

Where the grammar discusses this word

05-vocabulary.md §10.9’s own requirement: “a vocab entry links back to the grammar.” has-a edges to CATEGORY and inbound selects edges, both real graph edges rather than a generated cross-reference.

No CATEGORY membership or selects edge is recorded for this lexeme.