Logos

OPERATIONopr.spa.gramaticalizacion-del-perfecto

gramaticalización del perfecto

The change by which a verb of possession followed by a participle stopped describing a thing held in a state and became one tense of the verb in the participle.

Two consequences fall out of one change and the operation states both. The verb of possession stops meaning possession, which is why it can now take an object it could never have held. And the participle stops agreeing, which is why the compound tense has one invariable shape where the adjectival participle has four. The second consequence is the one a reader can check without knowing any history: a participle that agrees is doing one job and a participle that does not is doing another, and the two jobs are told apart by that single fact. The coverage method is estimated, since counting the consequences of a grammaticalisation means deciding what counts as one, which is a judgment.

statusstatus
documentedasserted, and the sources agree
provenanceprovenance
authoredwritten for Logos, from first principles
derivation statusderivation_status
unstatednobody has said whether it follows from anything
saliencesalience
No salience. Where no frequency source applies the object carries none, rather than a default or a guess (03-schema.md §3.5).
aliasesaliases
  • metalanguagegrammaticalisation of the compound perfect
sourcessources
An empty list, which is an assertion: this rests on nothing external, and somebody checked. It is not the same as nobody having looked.

What it does, and when it fires

operation.rule

The domain it works in, and the firing condition as a sentence. The checkable form of that condition is the selects group below.

domaindomain
diachronicit happened over time, in the history of the language
triggertrigger

A possession verb and a participle occur together often enough that the participle stops agreeing with the object and the pair is read as a single tense.

How much it covers

operation.coverage

How many cases the operation actually derives, out of how many it claims, and how that was counted.

derives 2 of 2estimated

None among the two consequences named. What the operation does not derive is the modern division of labour between the compound form and the simple preterite, which differs by region and is settled nowhere in this graph.

the number is an estimate and nothing counted it, and the count closes: nothing is left over

Everything joined to this object

One group per typed edge, in both directions. A1b guarantees no object node is an orphan, so this is the whole navigation: an object with no edges would have failed the build rather than reached this page.

What this object is a kind of

Walking this object's own `is-a` edges: what it is a kind of. Several branches from one object are several classification axes, not competing supertypes.

objects
1
places drawn
1
multi-parent
None in this view. This subgraph happens to be a tree, which the explorer draws as one without assuming it is one.

Siblings are listed by name, then by id to break ties. That is a display choice made here and not an order the graph asserts.

Fan-out per dimension

A4

One row per dimension, largest first. That is a display order, not a verdict: 03-schema.md declares no threshold above which fan-out is too much, so this reports the count and grades nothing.

  • case13 values
  • mood8 values
  • voice8 values
  • aspect7 values
  • aktionsart6 values
  • number6 values
  • person6 values
  • tense6 values
  • comparison4 values
  • evidentiality4 values
  • gender4 values
  • politeness4 values
  • valency4 values
  • animacy3 values
  • definiteness3 values
  • deixis3 values
  • finiteness2 values
  • information structure2 values
  • interrogativity2 values
  • polarity2 values
  • switch-reference2 values

What kinds of this object there are

Walking the `is-a` edges that point at this object: what kinds of it there are. An object reachable two ways is drawn in both places and is still one object.

objects
1
places drawn
1
multi-parent
None in this view. This subgraph happens to be a tree, which the explorer draws as one without assuming it is one.

Siblings are listed by name, then by id to break ties. That is a display choice made here and not an order the graph asserts.

applies-to

edges.applies-to

the operation's input

this operation applies to

overrides

edges.overrides

declared arbitrariness (A7)

this object overrides

  • OPERATIONconcordanciaopr.spa.concordanciadocumented
    • reasonThe participle inside the compound tense stops matching what the clause is about, so the agreement it shows wherever else it appears is suspended in this one environment.

derives

edges.derives

the why-chain

derived by