FUNCTIONfun.spa.sujeto
sujeto
The clause role whose person and number the finite verb copies, and which a stressed pronoun expresses in a shape it uses for no other role.
The subject is identified by agreement and by nothing else. It is not the participant that acts, since a clause can predicate a state of a participant that does nothing, and it is not the phrase that comes first, since the language allows the roles of a clause to be ordered in more than one way without changing which phrase the verb agrees with. The test that does hold is that changing the number of the phrase changes the ending of the finite verb. Two consequences follow from grounding the role in agreement rather than in position. The role can be filled by nothing at all, because person and number are already marked on the verb, and a clause with no subject phrase still has a subject the verb agrees with. And the role survives inversion: a phrase after the verb is the subject whenever the verb copies its person and number, which is the ordinary pattern with verbs of appearance and with the presentative use. Case marking is inherent to the role rather than agreed, but it is visible only on the stressed personal pronouns, which are the one class that keeps a distinct shape here.
- status
status documentedasserted, and the sources agree- provenance
provenance authoredwritten for Logos, from first principles- derivation status
derivation_status unstatednobody has said whether it follows from anything- salience
salience - No salience. Where no frequency source applies the object carries none, rather than a default or a guess (03-schema.md §3.5).
- aliases
aliases - metalanguagesubject
- sources
sources - SOURCENueva gramática de la lengua española (2009)
src.nueva-gramaticano page in v1 - SOURCEA New Reference Grammar of Modern Spanish (Butt and Benjamin)
src.butt-benjaminno page in v1
- SOURCENueva gramática de la lengua española (2009)
The level it operates at
function.levelA function is a role something plays. This is the size of the thing whose structure supplies the role.
- level
level clauseit is a role inside a clause, filled by a phrase
Everything joined to this object
One group per typed edge, in both directions. A1b guarantees no object node is an orphan, so this is the whole navigation: an object with no edges would have failed the build rather than reached this page.
What this object is a kind of
Walking this object's own `is-a` edges: what it is a kind of. Several branches from one object are several classification axes, not competing supertypes.
- objects
- 1
- places drawn
- 1
- multi-parent
- None in this view. This subgraph happens to be a tree, which the explorer draws as one without assuming it is one.
- FUNCTIONsujeto
fun.spa.sujetoFUNCTIONThe clause role whose person and number the finite verb copies, and which a stressed pronoun expresses in a shape it uses for no other role.
Siblings are listed by name, then by id to break ties. That is a display choice made here and not an order the graph asserts.
Fan-out per dimension
A4One row per dimension, largest first. That is a display order, not a verdict: 03-schema.md declares no threshold above which fan-out is too much, so this reports the count and grades nothing.
- case13 values
- mood8 values
- voice8 values
- aspect7 values
- aktionsart6 values
- number6 values
- person6 values
- tense6 values
- comparison4 values
- evidentiality4 values
- gender4 values
- politeness4 values
- valency4 values
- animacy3 values
- definiteness3 values
- deixis3 values
- finiteness2 values
- information structure2 values
- interrogativity2 values
- polarity2 values
- switch-reference2 values
What kinds of this object there are
Walking the `is-a` edges that point at this object: what kinds of it there are. An object reachable two ways is drawn in both places and is still one object.
- objects
- 1
- places drawn
- 1
- multi-parent
- None in this view. This subgraph happens to be a tree, which the explorer draws as one without assuming it is one.
- FUNCTIONsujeto
fun.spa.sujetoFUNCTIONThe clause role whose person and number the finite verb copies, and which a stressed pronoun expresses in a shape it uses for no other role.
Siblings are listed by name, then by id to break ties. That is a display choice made here and not an order the graph asserts.
has-a
edges.has-athe parent carries this
this object carries
- CATEGORYnominative
cat.nominativedocumentedmodeinherent
- CATEGORYnumber
cat.numberdocumentedmodeagreed
- CATEGORYperson
cat.persondocumentedmodeagreed
selects
edges.selectsthe parent requires this elsewhere
these require this object elsewhere
conditionWith no subject of its own the clause takes the subject of the main clause, and stating a different subject requires expressing it inside the gerund clause.
conditionThe nonfinite clause has no subject of its own and takes the subject of the main clause, so the construction is refused where the two would differ.
conditionNothing may stand between the fronted phrase and the verb, so the subject is forced after the verb, which is the structural signal that separates this pattern from dislocation.
conditionThe subject is obligatorily placed after the verb, which distinguishes the construction from the corresponding pattern in the closely related languages that permit the subject before it.
derives
edges.derivesthe why-chain
derived by
roleresidue
rolepremise
- DERIVATIONnumber reaches the verb and gender does not
der.spa.numero-llega-mas-lejos-que-generodocumentedroleconclusion