Logos

REALIZATIONrlz.spa-ar.aspect

aspect in Rioplatense Spanish

Rioplatense Spanish marks aspect by inflection in the past, where a finite verb must choose between a bounded and an unbounded form, and by periphrasis in the other tenses.

Rioplatense Spanish marks aspect inflectionally in the past: a finite past verb is either the bounded form, as in cantó, or the unbounded form, as in cantaba, and no aspectually neutral past exists. Outside the past the inflection draws no aspectual contrast and the language supplies periphrasis instead, with estar plus a gerund giving an in progress reading, haber plus a participle giving a form whose consequences hold at the reference point, and soler plus an infinitive giving a recurring one. Because the bounded and unbounded past forms are also tense forms, one suffix carries both meanings at once, which is the pattern the dimension allows where a grammar marks both. The obligatoriness is recorded as obligatory rather than pervasive because the contrast is required only where it applies: a present tense form such as canta commits to no aspect at all, and no nonfinite form does either.

statusstatus
documentedasserted, and the sources agree
provenanceprovenance
authoredwritten for Logos, from first principles
derivation statusderivation_status
unstatednobody has said whether it follows from anything
saliencesalience
No salience. Where no frequency source applies the object carries none, rather than a default or a guess (03-schema.md §3.5).
aliasesaliases
None recorded.
sourcessources
  • SOURCENueva gramática de la lengua española (2009)src.nueva-gramaticano page in v1
  • SOURCEA New Reference Grammar of Modern Spanish (Butt and Benjamin)src.butt-benjaminno page in v1

What this language does about this category

realization.state

One of five states, or the eleventh cell: nobody has recorded a state, which is not a claim that the language lacks the distinction.

statestate
explicit, documented: marked in the word itselfexplicit
obligatorinessobligatoriness
obligatorymarked wherever it applies

The realizers

realization.via

Every via edge: this realizer, this way. An explicit or periphrastic state is a summary of this list, recomputed on every build and never authored.

  • CONSTRUCTIONperífrasis progresiva con estarcon.spa.estar-gerundio
    exponencevia.payload.exponence
    periphrasticit takes more than one word
    mediumvia.payload.medium
    both
    positionvia.payload.position
    an inflected form of the copula of condition followed by the gerund, giving an in progress reading
  • CONSTRUCTIONpretérito perfecto compuestocon.spa.perfecto-con-haber
    exponencevia.payload.exponence
    periphrasticit takes more than one word
    mediumvia.payload.medium
    both
    positionvia.payload.position
    an inflected form of the auxiliary followed by the participle, giving a form whose consequences hold at the reference point
  • CONSTRUCTIONperífrasis habitual con solercon.spa.soler-infinitivo
    exponencevia.payload.exponence
    periphrasticit takes more than one word
    mediumvia.payload.medium
    both
    positionvia.payload.position
    an inflected form of soler followed by the infinitive, giving a recurring reading
  • FORMcantabafrm.spa.cantaba
    exponencevia.payload.exponence
    cumulativeone exponent carries this and other categories at once
    mediumvia.payload.medium
    both
    positionvia.payload.position
    the ending of the finite past verb, carrying the unbounded value together with past tense, person and number
  • FORMcantófrm.spa.canto-tilde
    exponencevia.payload.exponence
    cumulativeone exponent carries this and other categories at once
    mediumvia.payload.medium
    both
    positionvia.payload.position
    the ending of the finite past verb, carrying the bounded value together with past tense, person and number

Everything joined to this object

One group per typed edge, in both directions. A1b guarantees no object node is an orphan, so this is the whole navigation: an object with no edges would have failed the build rather than reached this page.

What this object is a kind of

Walking this object's own `is-a` edges: what it is a kind of. Several branches from one object are several classification axes, not competing supertypes.

objects
1
places drawn
1
multi-parent
None in this view. This subgraph happens to be a tree, which the explorer draws as one without assuming it is one.

Siblings are listed by name, then by id to break ties. That is a display choice made here and not an order the graph asserts.

Fan-out per dimension

A4

One row per dimension, largest first. That is a display order, not a verdict: 03-schema.md declares no threshold above which fan-out is too much, so this reports the count and grades nothing.

  • case13 values
  • mood8 values
  • voice8 values
  • aspect7 values
  • aktionsart6 values
  • number6 values
  • person6 values
  • tense6 values
  • comparison4 values
  • evidentiality4 values
  • gender4 values
  • politeness4 values
  • valency4 values
  • animacy3 values
  • definiteness3 values
  • deixis3 values
  • finiteness2 values
  • information structure2 values
  • interrogativity2 values
  • polarity2 values
  • switch-reference2 values

What kinds of this object there are

Walking the `is-a` edges that point at this object: what kinds of it there are. An object reachable two ways is drawn in both places and is still one object.

objects
1
places drawn
1
multi-parent
None in this view. This subgraph happens to be a tree, which the explorer draws as one without assuming it is one.

Siblings are listed by name, then by id to break ties. That is a display choice made here and not an order the graph asserts.

has-a

edges.has-a

the parent carries this

this object carries

derives

edges.derives

the why-chain

derived by