Logos

REALIZATIONrlz.spa-ar.evidentiality

evidentiality in Rioplatense Spanish

Rioplatense Spanish has no grammatical marking for how a speaker came by the information asserted; the source of information is stated in words or left unstated.

Rioplatense Spanish has no evidential paradigm. No suffix, pronoun or particle marks a proposition as seen, inferred, reported or assumed, and a speaker who needs the source of information stated does so in words, with a verb such as vi, escuché or me dijeron, or with an adverbial such as por lo visto or según. One candidate might have qualified and does not. The inflected future and the conditional carry an inferential reading, so serán las tres is understood as an estimate about the present rather than as a claim about the future, and habría salido can report an inference rather than an unrealised past. That reading is a secondary use of a tense form rather than a form dedicated to the meaning, it is never required in any context, and it draws no contrast across a closed set of information sources, which is what a system of this kind consists in. The absence recorded here is an assertion about the language and not a gap in the description of it.

statusstatus
documentedasserted, and the sources agree
provenanceprovenance
authoredwritten for Logos, from first principles
derivation statusderivation_status
unstatednobody has said whether it follows from anything
saliencesalience
No salience. Where no frequency source applies the object carries none, rather than a default or a guess (03-schema.md §3.5).
aliasesaliases
None recorded.
sourcessources
  • SOURCENueva gramática de la lengua española (2009)src.nueva-gramaticano page in v1
  • SOURCEA New Reference Grammar of Modern Spanish (Butt and Benjamin)src.butt-benjaminno page in v1

What this language does about this category

realization.state

One of five states, or the eleventh cell: nobody has recorded a state, which is not a claim that the language lacks the distinction.

statestate
absent, documented: the language does not encode this. Somebody looked and asserted itabsent
obligatorinessobligatoriness
Not applicable. The state is absent, so there is no marking to be obligatory or optional (03-schema.md §6.2).

The realizers

realization.via

Every via edge: this realizer, this way. An explicit or periphrastic state is a summary of this list, recomputed on every build and never authored.

No realizer. For an absent or void state that is required rather than missing: those states have zero via edges by design (03-schema.md §6.1).

Everything joined to this object

One group per typed edge, in both directions. A1b guarantees no object node is an orphan, so this is the whole navigation: an object with no edges would have failed the build rather than reached this page.

What this object is a kind of

Walking this object's own `is-a` edges: what it is a kind of. Several branches from one object are several classification axes, not competing supertypes.

objects
1
places drawn
1
multi-parent
None in this view. This subgraph happens to be a tree, which the explorer draws as one without assuming it is one.

Siblings are listed by name, then by id to break ties. That is a display choice made here and not an order the graph asserts.

Fan-out per dimension

A4

One row per dimension, largest first. That is a display order, not a verdict: 03-schema.md declares no threshold above which fan-out is too much, so this reports the count and grades nothing.

  • case13 values
  • mood8 values
  • voice8 values
  • aspect7 values
  • aktionsart6 values
  • number6 values
  • person6 values
  • tense6 values
  • comparison4 values
  • evidentiality4 values
  • gender4 values
  • politeness4 values
  • valency4 values
  • animacy3 values
  • definiteness3 values
  • deixis3 values
  • finiteness2 values
  • information structure2 values
  • interrogativity2 values
  • polarity2 values
  • switch-reference2 values

What kinds of this object there are

Walking the `is-a` edges that point at this object: what kinds of it there are. An object reachable two ways is drawn in both places and is still one object.

objects
1
places drawn
1
multi-parent
None in this view. This subgraph happens to be a tree, which the explorer draws as one without assuming it is one.

Siblings are listed by name, then by id to break ties. That is a display choice made here and not an order the graph asserts.

has-a

edges.has-a

the parent carries this

this object carries

derives

edges.derives

the why-chain