Words / cls.spa.verbo

estar

Identity

Lemma: estar
Part of speech: cls.spa.verboread off the URL segment (in turn parsed from the LEXEME id by lib/routes.ts’s posAndLemmaOf), because Lexeme carries no pos field yet (LAN-217/LAN-274). This route is built to prefer node.data.pos as the field once that migration lands; until then, the id is the only source and this line says so rather than hiding it.
Frequency rank: not recorded
Gloss: The copula reading a condition off a subject, and the auxiliary of the frame that presents an event as in progress.

The verb is the other half of the copula pair and the auxiliary of the in progress frame the aspect record names, so it carries a grammatical load no other copula in the language does. Its own history is a case the graph records as an operation: a verb of location that became a copula for states, which is why its readings still cluster around position and condition rather than category. Its preterite is a strong one, stressed on the stem rather than the ending.

Sourced from:

Nueva gramática de la lengua española (2009)grammarentryno public licenceretrieved 2026-08-04by Real Academia Española and Asociación de Academias de la Lengua Española
A New Reference Grammar of Modern Spanish (Butt and Benjamin)grammarentryno public licenceretrieved 2026-08-04by John Butt and Carmen Benjamin

Paradigm

No form-ofedge names this lexeme, so there is no recorded paradigm to draw — a fact about this graph’s content today, not a claim that the word has no inflection.

Class memberships

has-a edges to CLASS objects (06-surface.md §5.2) — the door back into the grammar. Subsumption (is-a) is not available here: it is same-type-only (A3), so a LEXEME cannot is-a a CLASS.

Examples

Each example declares its dialect and tier, per 06-surface.md §5.2 (“the interface ranks and labels rather than silently mixing registers”).

No examples are recorded for this lexeme (Lexeme.examples is optional; absent key = unstated, per lib/schema/nodes.ts’s own note — never a stub sentence invented to fill the section).

Where the grammar discusses this word

05-vocabulary.md §10.9’s own requirement: “a vocab entry links back to the grammar.” has-a edges to CATEGORY and inbound selects edges, both real graph edges rather than a generated cross-reference.

No CATEGORY membership or selects edge is recorded for this lexeme.