Logos

CONSTRUCTIONcon.spa.exclamativa-con-que

oración exclamativa con qué

A clause marking a property as holding to a striking degree, headed by an invariable exclamative word and with no comparison stated.

The construction states that a property holds to a degree worth remarking on, and it does so without naming a standard, which is what separates it from the comparative and the relative superlative. The exclamative word is invariable and carries a written accent it does not carry in its other uses, exactly as the question words do, and the parallel is not accidental since the two sets overlap almost completely. Where a noun rather than an adjective follows, an adjective may be added after it introduced by a linking element used nowhere else in the language, which is the clearest evidence that the pattern is stored rather than assembled. The rest of the clause is very often left unstated, which no other clause type permits so freely.

statusstatus
documentedasserted, and the sources agree
provenanceprovenance
authoredwritten for Logos, from first principles
derivation statusderivation_status
unstatednobody has said whether it follows from anything
saliencesalience
No salience. Where no frequency source applies the object carries none, rather than a default or a guess (03-schema.md §3.5).
aliasesaliases
  • metalanguageexclamative clause
sourcessources
  • SOURCENueva gramática de la lengua española (2009)src.nueva-gramaticano page in v1
  • SOURCEA New Reference Grammar of Modern Spanish (Butt and Benjamin)src.butt-benjaminno page in v1

Why this is a construction at all

construction.admission

Goldberg's admission test: a template earns storage either by being unpredictable or by being frequent.

admissionadmission
unpredictableit is stored because its meaning does not follow from its parts

The slots

construction.slots

At least two, by the schema: fewer is not a multi-element template. Every filler is a link, never a name in prose.

  1. 0el elemento exclamativo qué, invariable y con tildelexically specified: only the fillers below may occupy it

    fillerslots[].filler
    functionslots[].fn
    No function is assigned to this slot.

  2. 1el sintagma que expresa la propiedad o la entidadlexically specified: only the fillers below may occupy it

    fillerslots[].filler
    functionslots[].fn
    FUNCTIONnúcleofun.spa.nucleo

  3. 2el resto de la predicación, frecuentemente elididopositional: this slot is a place in the string, not a lexical requirement

    fillerslots[].filler
    No filler is named. For a positional slot that is the correct reading; for a lexical one it is a gap.
    functionslots[].fn
    FUNCTIONcomplemento del núcleofun.spa.complemento-del-nucleo

Slot template

3 slots: 2 constrained, 1 positional, 2 naming a grammatical function.

  1. el elemento exclamativo qué, invariable y con tilde
    constrained
    • determinanteclass
  2. el sintagma que expresa la propiedad o la entidad
    constrained
    • adjetivoclass
    • sustantivoclass
    • adverbioclass

    names núcleo

  3. el resto de la predicación, frecuentemente elidido
    positional

    no lexical filler — this slot marks a position only

    names complemento del núcleo

Everything joined to this object

One group per typed edge, in both directions. A1b guarantees no object node is an orphan, so this is the whole navigation: an object with no edges would have failed the build rather than reached this page.

What this object is a kind of

Walking this object's own `is-a` edges: what it is a kind of. Several branches from one object are several classification axes, not competing supertypes.

objects
1
places drawn
1
multi-parent
None in this view. This subgraph happens to be a tree, which the explorer draws as one without assuming it is one.

Siblings are listed by name, then by id to break ties. That is a display choice made here and not an order the graph asserts.

Fan-out per dimension

A4

One row per dimension, largest first. That is a display order, not a verdict: 03-schema.md declares no threshold above which fan-out is too much, so this reports the count and grades nothing.

  • case13 values
  • mood8 values
  • voice8 values
  • aspect7 values
  • aktionsart6 values
  • number6 values
  • person6 values
  • tense6 values
  • comparison4 values
  • evidentiality4 values
  • gender4 values
  • politeness4 values
  • valency4 values
  • animacy3 values
  • definiteness3 values
  • deixis3 values
  • finiteness2 values
  • information structure2 values
  • interrogativity2 values
  • polarity2 values
  • switch-reference2 values

What kinds of this object there are

Walking the `is-a` edges that point at this object: what kinds of it there are. An object reachable two ways is drawn in both places and is still one object.

objects
1
places drawn
1
multi-parent
None in this view. This subgraph happens to be a tree, which the explorer draws as one without assuming it is one.

Siblings are listed by name, then by id to break ties. That is a display choice made here and not an order the graph asserts.

has-a

edges.has-a

the parent carries this

this object carries

selects

edges.selects

the parent requires this elsewhere

this object requires, elsewhere

  • CLASSadjetivocls.spa.adjetivodocumented
    • conditionA noun in the second position may be followed by an adjective introduced by a linking element, which is a shape available only inside this construction.

derives

edges.derives

the why-chain

derived by