Logos

OPERATIONopr.spa.diptongacion-tonica

diptongación tónica

The alternation by which a stem vowel becomes a two-vowel sequence in exactly the cells where the word stress falls on the stem.

The condition is stress and nothing else, which is why the alternation lands on the same cells in every class that shows it: the singular of the present and the third person plural, where the ending is unstressed, and not in the first and second person plural, where the ending carries the stress. Four classes are distinguished by which vowel alternates rather than by where the alternation lands, so the operation is one rule with four inputs and not four rules. Membership is stored, because the environment is identical for verbs that alternate and verbs that do not, and nothing about a stem predicts which are which. The alternation is written into the spelling, and the graph carries no pronunciation, so what is visible here is the orthographic reflex of a vowel change and not the vowel change itself.

statusstatus
documentedasserted, and the sources agree
provenanceprovenance
authoredwritten for Logos, from first principles
derivation statusderivation_status
unstatednobody has said whether it follows from anything
saliencesalience
No salience. Where no frequency source applies the object carries none, rather than a default or a guess (03-schema.md §3.5).
aliasesaliases
  • metalanguagestressed stem diphthongisation
sourcessources
An empty list, which is an assertion: this rests on nothing external, and somebody checked. It is not the same as nobody having looked.

What it does, and when it fires

operation.rule

The domain it works in, and the firing condition as a sentence. The checkable form of that condition is the selects group below.

domaindomain
morphologicalit changes the shape of words
triggertrigger

The word stress falls on the stem vowel of a verb belonging to one of the diphthongising classes.

How much it covers

operation.coverage

How many cases the operation actually derives, out of how many it claims, and how that was counted.

derives 4 of 5enumerated

The double alternating class, whose members diphthongise under stress and also raise the stem vowel in a separate set of unstressed cells, so this operation accounts for one of the two alternations those verbs show and not for the other.

every case was counted

Confusable with

operation.confusable

Objects a reader is likely to mix up with this one, and the difference that separates them. The edge is symmetric and stored once, so this renders on both objects' pages from the one statement.

  • OPERATIONcierre vocálicoopr.spa.cierre-vocalicodocumented

    what tells them apartDiphthongisation fires where the stem is stressed and produces a two-vowel sequence; raising fires where the stem is unstressed and produces a single closer vowel. They are conditioned by opposite halves of the same stress distribution, and one class of verbs undergoes both, which is what makes the pair easy to run together.

Everything joined to this object

One group per typed edge, in both directions. A1b guarantees no object node is an orphan, so this is the whole navigation: an object with no edges would have failed the build rather than reached this page.

What this object is a kind of

Walking this object's own `is-a` edges: what it is a kind of. Several branches from one object are several classification axes, not competing supertypes.

objects
1
places drawn
1
multi-parent
None in this view. This subgraph happens to be a tree, which the explorer draws as one without assuming it is one.

Siblings are listed by name, then by id to break ties. That is a display choice made here and not an order the graph asserts.

Fan-out per dimension

A4

One row per dimension, largest first. That is a display order, not a verdict: 03-schema.md declares no threshold above which fan-out is too much, so this reports the count and grades nothing.

  • case13 values
  • mood8 values
  • voice8 values
  • aspect7 values
  • aktionsart6 values
  • number6 values
  • person6 values
  • tense6 values
  • comparison4 values
  • evidentiality4 values
  • gender4 values
  • politeness4 values
  • valency4 values
  • animacy3 values
  • definiteness3 values
  • deixis3 values
  • finiteness2 values
  • information structure2 values
  • interrogativity2 values
  • polarity2 values
  • switch-reference2 values

What kinds of this object there are

Walking the `is-a` edges that point at this object: what kinds of it there are. An object reachable two ways is drawn in both places and is still one object.

objects
1
places drawn
1
multi-parent
None in this view. This subgraph happens to be a tree, which the explorer draws as one without assuming it is one.

Siblings are listed by name, then by id to break ties. That is a display choice made here and not an order the graph asserts.

applies-to

edges.applies-to

the operation's input

this operation applies to

overrides

edges.overrides

declared arbitrariness (A7)

these objects override this one

  • OPERATIONsupletivismoopr.spa.supletivismodocumented
    • reasonA suppletive root replaces the stem an alternation would have applied to, so in the cells suppletion serves, a stem alternation has no input and does not fire.

derives

edges.derives

the why-chain

derived by