Logos

REALIZATIONrlz.spa-ar.information-structure

information structure in Rioplatense Spanish

Rioplatense Spanish marks what an utterance is about and what it asserts through word order, dislocation with a resumptive pronoun, and cleft frames, never through a dedicated affix.

Rioplatense Spanish has no affix or particle for either of the two values this dimension admits. It packages a proposition by rearranging it. What the utterance is about is commonly placed before the clause and picked up inside it by an unstressed pronoun, as in a Juan lo vi ayer, where the object is announced first and lo carries it back into its ordinary position. The asserted part can be fronted without that pronoun, as in eso quería, or isolated in a frame built on ser, as in fue Juan quien llegó. Prominence in the voice marks the asserted part in speech and leaves no trace in writing, which is the prosodic strategy the dimension names as widely available. The realizers are therefore multi element frames and an intonational process rather than forms, which is what the periphrastic state records, and the value is optional because a clause in neutral order is always available and commits the speaker to nothing about the packaging.

statusstatus
documentedasserted, and the sources agree
provenanceprovenance
authoredwritten for Logos, from first principles
derivation statusderivation_status
unstatednobody has said whether it follows from anything
saliencesalience
No salience. Where no frequency source applies the object carries none, rather than a default or a guess (03-schema.md §3.5).
aliasesaliases
None recorded.
sourcessources
  • SOURCENueva gramática de la lengua española (2009)src.nueva-gramaticano page in v1
  • SOURCEA New Reference Grammar of Modern Spanish (Butt and Benjamin)src.butt-benjaminno page in v1

What this language does about this category

realization.state

One of five states, or the eleventh cell: nobody has recorded a state, which is not a claim that the language lacks the distinction.

statestate
periphrastic, documented: marked, but by more than one wordperiphrastic
obligatorinessobligatoriness
optionalmarked at the speaker's discretion

The realizers

realization.via

Every via edge: this realizer, this way. An explicit or periphrastic state is a summary of this list, recomputed on every build and never authored.

Everything joined to this object

One group per typed edge, in both directions. A1b guarantees no object node is an orphan, so this is the whole navigation: an object with no edges would have failed the build rather than reached this page.

What this object is a kind of

Walking this object's own `is-a` edges: what it is a kind of. Several branches from one object are several classification axes, not competing supertypes.

objects
1
places drawn
1
multi-parent
None in this view. This subgraph happens to be a tree, which the explorer draws as one without assuming it is one.

Siblings are listed by name, then by id to break ties. That is a display choice made here and not an order the graph asserts.

Fan-out per dimension

A4

One row per dimension, largest first. That is a display order, not a verdict: 03-schema.md declares no threshold above which fan-out is too much, so this reports the count and grades nothing.

  • case13 values
  • mood8 values
  • voice8 values
  • aspect7 values
  • aktionsart6 values
  • number6 values
  • person6 values
  • tense6 values
  • comparison4 values
  • evidentiality4 values
  • gender4 values
  • politeness4 values
  • valency4 values
  • animacy3 values
  • definiteness3 values
  • deixis3 values
  • finiteness2 values
  • information structure2 values
  • interrogativity2 values
  • polarity2 values
  • switch-reference2 values

What kinds of this object there are

Walking the `is-a` edges that point at this object: what kinds of it there are. An object reachable two ways is drawn in both places and is still one object.

objects
1
places drawn
1
multi-parent
None in this view. This subgraph happens to be a tree, which the explorer draws as one without assuming it is one.

Siblings are listed by name, then by id to break ties. That is a display choice made here and not an order the graph asserts.

has-a

edges.has-a

the parent carries this

this object carries

derives

edges.derives

the why-chain