REALIZATIONrlz.spa-ar.information-structure
information structure in Rioplatense Spanish
Rioplatense Spanish marks what an utterance is about and what it asserts through word order, dislocation with a resumptive pronoun, and cleft frames, never through a dedicated affix.
Rioplatense Spanish has no affix or particle for either of the two values this dimension admits. It packages a proposition by rearranging it. What the utterance is about is commonly placed before the clause and picked up inside it by an unstressed pronoun, as in a Juan lo vi ayer, where the object is announced first and lo carries it back into its ordinary position. The asserted part can be fronted without that pronoun, as in eso quería, or isolated in a frame built on ser, as in fue Juan quien llegó. Prominence in the voice marks the asserted part in speech and leaves no trace in writing, which is the prosodic strategy the dimension names as widely available. The realizers are therefore multi element frames and an intonational process rather than forms, which is what the periphrastic state records, and the value is optional because a clause in neutral order is always available and commits the speaker to nothing about the packaging.
- status
status documentedasserted, and the sources agree- provenance
provenance authoredwritten for Logos, from first principles- derivation status
derivation_status unstatednobody has said whether it follows from anything- salience
salience - No salience. Where no frequency source applies the object carries none, rather than a default or a guess (03-schema.md §3.5).
- aliases
aliases - None recorded.
- sources
sources - SOURCENueva gramática de la lengua española (2009)
src.nueva-gramaticano page in v1 - SOURCEA New Reference Grammar of Modern Spanish (Butt and Benjamin)
src.butt-benjaminno page in v1
- SOURCENueva gramática de la lengua española (2009)
What this language does about this category
realization.stateOne of five states, or the eleventh cell: nobody has recorded a state, which is not a claim that the language lacks the distinction.
- state
state - periphrastic
- obligatoriness
obligatoriness optionalmarked at the speaker's discretion
The realizers
realization.viaEvery via edge: this realizer, this way. An explicit or periphrastic state is a summary of this list, recomputed on every build and never authored.
- CONSTRUCTIONdislocación a la derecha
con.spa.dislocacion-a-la-derecha- exponence
via.payload.exponence periphrasticit takes more than one word- medium
via.payload.medium - both
- position
via.payload.position - the phrase stands after the clause and an unstressed pronoun inside the clause stands for it
- exponence
- CONSTRUCTIONdislocación a la izquierda
con.spa.dislocacion-a-la-izquierda- exponence
via.payload.exponence periphrasticit takes more than one word- medium
via.payload.medium - both
- position
via.payload.position - the phrase stands before the clause and an unstressed pronoun inside the clause stands for it
- exponence
- CONSTRUCTIONfoco antepuesto
con.spa.foco-antepuesto- exponence
via.payload.exponence periphrasticit takes more than one word- medium
via.payload.medium - both
- position
via.payload.position - the phrase carrying the asserted part stands before the verb with no pronoun standing for it, and the subject follows the verb
- exponence
- CONSTRUCTIONoración hendida
con.spa.hendida-con-ser- exponence
via.payload.exponence periphrasticit takes more than one word- medium
via.payload.medium - both
- position
via.payload.position - a copula singles out one phrase and a relative clause carries the rest of the proposition
- exponence
- CONSTRUCTIONoración pseudohendida
con.spa.pseudohendida- exponence
via.payload.exponence periphrasticit takes more than one word- medium
via.payload.medium - both
- position
via.payload.position - a free relative clause stands first and a copula equates it with the phrase that answers
- exponence
- OPERATIONduplicación de clíticos
opr.spa.duplicacion-de-clitico- exponence
via.payload.exponence periphrasticit takes more than one word- medium
via.payload.medium - both
- position
via.payload.position - the resumptive clitic stands immediately before the finite verb, and the phrase it doubles stands before the clause
- exponence
Everything joined to this object
One group per typed edge, in both directions. A1b guarantees no object node is an orphan, so this is the whole navigation: an object with no edges would have failed the build rather than reached this page.
What this object is a kind of
Walking this object's own `is-a` edges: what it is a kind of. Several branches from one object are several classification axes, not competing supertypes.
- objects
- 1
- places drawn
- 1
- multi-parent
- None in this view. This subgraph happens to be a tree, which the explorer draws as one without assuming it is one.
Rioplatense Spanish marks what an utterance is about and what it asserts through word order, dislocation with a resumptive pronoun, and cleft frames, never through a dedicated affix.
Siblings are listed by name, then by id to break ties. That is a display choice made here and not an order the graph asserts.
Fan-out per dimension
A4One row per dimension, largest first. That is a display order, not a verdict: 03-schema.md declares no threshold above which fan-out is too much, so this reports the count and grades nothing.
- case13 values
- mood8 values
- voice8 values
- aspect7 values
- aktionsart6 values
- number6 values
- person6 values
- tense6 values
- comparison4 values
- evidentiality4 values
- gender4 values
- politeness4 values
- valency4 values
- animacy3 values
- definiteness3 values
- deixis3 values
- finiteness2 values
- information structure2 values
- interrogativity2 values
- polarity2 values
- switch-reference2 values
What kinds of this object there are
Walking the `is-a` edges that point at this object: what kinds of it there are. An object reachable two ways is drawn in both places and is still one object.
- objects
- 1
- places drawn
- 1
- multi-parent
- None in this view. This subgraph happens to be a tree, which the explorer draws as one without assuming it is one.
Rioplatense Spanish marks what an utterance is about and what it asserts through word order, dislocation with a resumptive pronoun, and cleft frames, never through a dedicated affix.
Siblings are listed by name, then by id to break ties. That is a display choice made here and not an order the graph asserts.
has-a
edges.has-athe parent carries this
this object carries
modeinherent
derives
edges.derivesthe why-chain