Logos

CONSTRUCTIONcon.spa.permisiva-con-dejar

construcción permisiva con dejar

A pattern in which a verb of allowing takes a nonfinite verb beside it, stating that an event was not prevented rather than that it was brought about.

The permissive shares the shape of the causative and differs in what it asserts: that the event was allowed to happen, not that it was made to. The two behave alike in the marking of the middle participant and in taking clitics on the finite verb, which is why they are authored as siblings rather than as one object with two readings. The construction also has a finite counterpart in which the second event is expressed as a subordinate clause with the subjunctive, and the two are not always interchangeable, the nonfinite version being the one that permits the fused reading in which the two verbs behave as a single predicate. A third use of the same verb, meaning to leave something in a state, is not this construction at all and is distinguished by taking an ordinary object rather than a nonfinite verb.

statusstatus
documentedasserted, and the sources agree
provenanceprovenance
authoredwritten for Logos, from first principles
derivation statusderivation_status
unstatednobody has said whether it follows from anything
saliencesalience
No salience. Where no frequency source applies the object carries none, rather than a default or a guess (03-schema.md §3.5).
aliasesaliases
  • metalanguagepermissive with dejar
sourcessources
  • SOURCENueva gramática de la lengua española (2009)src.nueva-gramaticano page in v1
  • SOURCEA New Reference Grammar of Modern Spanish (Butt and Benjamin)src.butt-benjaminno page in v1

Why this is a construction at all

construction.admission

Goldberg's admission test: a template earns storage either by being unpredictable or by being frequent.

admissionadmission
unpredictableit is stored because its meaning does not follow from its parts

The slots

construction.slots

At least two, by the schema: fewer is not a multi-element template. Every filler is a link, never a name in prose.

  1. 0el que permite, sujeto del verbo finitopositional: this slot is a place in the string, not a lexical requirement

    fillerslots[].filler
    No filler is named. For a positional slot that is the correct reading; for a lexical one it is a gap.
    functionslots[].fn
    FUNCTIONsujetofun.spa.sujeto

  2. 1el verbo permisivo dejar, finitolexically specified: only the fillers below may occupy it

    fillerslots[].filler
    functionslots[].fn
    FUNCTIONnúcleofun.spa.nucleo

  3. 2el que actúa, marcado como objetopositional: this slot is a place in the string, not a lexical requirement

    fillerslots[].filler
    No filler is named. For a positional slot that is the correct reading; for a lexical one it is a gap.
    functionslots[].fn
    FUNCTIONcomplemento directofun.spa.complemento-directo

  4. 3el infinitivo, que aporta el evento permitidolexically specified: only the fillers below may occupy it

    fillerslots[].filler
    functionslots[].fn
    No function is assigned to this slot.

Slot template

4 slots: 2 constrained, 2 positional, 3 naming a grammatical function.

  1. el que permite, sujeto del verbo finito
    positional

    no lexical filler — this slot marks a position only

    names sujeto

  2. el verbo permisivo dejar, finito
    constrained
    • verboclass

    names núcleo

  3. el que actúa, marcado como objeto
    positional

    no lexical filler — this slot marks a position only

    names complemento directo

  4. el infinitivo, que aporta el evento permitido
    constrained
    • verboclass

Confusable with

construction.confusable

Objects a reader is likely to mix up with this one, and the difference that separates them. The edge is symmetric and stored once, so this renders on both objects' pages from the one statement.

Everything joined to this object

One group per typed edge, in both directions. A1b guarantees no object node is an orphan, so this is the whole navigation: an object with no edges would have failed the build rather than reached this page.

What this object is a kind of

Walking this object's own `is-a` edges: what it is a kind of. Several branches from one object are several classification axes, not competing supertypes.

objects
1
places drawn
1
multi-parent
None in this view. This subgraph happens to be a tree, which the explorer draws as one without assuming it is one.

Siblings are listed by name, then by id to break ties. That is a display choice made here and not an order the graph asserts.

Fan-out per dimension

A4

One row per dimension, largest first. That is a display order, not a verdict: 03-schema.md declares no threshold above which fan-out is too much, so this reports the count and grades nothing.

  • case13 values
  • mood8 values
  • voice8 values
  • aspect7 values
  • aktionsart6 values
  • number6 values
  • person6 values
  • tense6 values
  • comparison4 values
  • evidentiality4 values
  • gender4 values
  • politeness4 values
  • valency4 values
  • animacy3 values
  • definiteness3 values
  • deixis3 values
  • finiteness2 values
  • information structure2 values
  • interrogativity2 values
  • polarity2 values
  • switch-reference2 values

What kinds of this object there are

Walking the `is-a` edges that point at this object: what kinds of it there are. An object reachable two ways is drawn in both places and is still one object.

objects
1
places drawn
1
multi-parent
None in this view. This subgraph happens to be a tree, which the explorer draws as one without assuming it is one.

Siblings are listed by name, then by id to break ties. That is a display choice made here and not an order the graph asserts.

has-a

edges.has-a

the parent carries this

this object carries

selects

edges.selects

the parent requires this elsewhere

this object requires, elsewhere

  • CATEGORYnonfinitecat.nonfinitedocumented
    • conditionThe second verb is nonfinite, and the construction also admits a finite alternative introduced by a complementiser, which the causative pattern shares.

via

edges.via

this realizer, this way

this object realizes

derives

edges.derives

the why-chain

derived by