Logos

CONSTRUCTIONcon.spa.predicado-de-experimentante

construcción de experimentante en dativo

A pattern in which the participant who undergoes a mental or bodily state stands in the dative and the thing causing it is what the verb agrees with.

The construction inverts the ordinary mapping: the participant a speaker of a different language would expect in the subject position stands in the dative, and the thing that causes the state is what the finite verb copies its number from. Two analyses are held about which of the two is the subject. On the first the stimulus is the subject, since agreement is the only subject test the language offers and the verb agrees with it. On the second the fronted dative is the subject, since it behaves like one in word order, in control of nonfinite clauses and in coordination, and the agreement is a residue of an older pattern. The record adopts the first and is marked contested because named reference grammars hold the second about this same class of verbs. The obligatory doubling of the dative clitic is a fact both analyses have to state and neither predicts.

statusstatus
contestedasserted, and the sources disagree
provenanceprovenance
authoredwritten for Logos, from first principles
derivation statusderivation_status
unstatednobody has said whether it follows from anything
saliencesalience
No salience. Where no frequency source applies the object carries none, rather than a default or a guess (03-schema.md §3.5).
aliasesaliases
  • metalanguagedative experiencer construction
sourcessources
  • SOURCENueva gramática de la lengua española (2009)src.nueva-gramaticano page in v1
  • SOURCEA New Reference Grammar of Modern Spanish (Butt and Benjamin)src.butt-benjaminno page in v1

Why this is a construction at all

construction.admission

Goldberg's admission test: a template earns storage either by being unpredictable or by being frequent.

admissionadmission
unpredictableit is stored because its meaning does not follow from its parts

The slots

construction.slots

At least two, by the schema: fewer is not a multi-element template. Every filler is a link, never a name in prose.

  1. 0el experimentante, en dativo y normalmente antepuestopositional: this slot is a place in the string, not a lexical requirement

    fillerslots[].filler
    No filler is named. For a positional slot that is the correct reading; for a lexical one it is a gap.
    functionslots[].fn
    FUNCTIONcomplemento indirectofun.spa.complemento-indirecto

  2. 1el clítico dativo, obligatorio aunque el experimentante se exprese apartelexically specified: only the fillers below may occupy it

    fillerslots[].filler
    functionslots[].fn
    No function is assigned to this slot.

  3. 2el verbo, finito y en tercera personalexically specified: only the fillers below may occupy it

    fillerslots[].filler
    functionslots[].fn
    FUNCTIONnúcleofun.spa.nucleo

  4. 3el estímulo, con el que el verbo concuerda en númeropositional: this slot is a place in the string, not a lexical requirement

    fillerslots[].filler
    No filler is named. For a positional slot that is the correct reading; for a lexical one it is a gap.
    functionslots[].fn
    FUNCTIONsujetofun.spa.sujeto

Slot template

4 slots: 2 constrained, 2 positional, 3 naming a grammatical function.

  1. el experimentante, en dativo y normalmente antepuesto
    positional

    no lexical filler — this slot marks a position only

    names complemento indirecto

  2. el clítico dativo, obligatorio aunque el experimentante se exprese aparte
    constrained
    • clítico dativoclass
  3. el verbo, finito y en tercera persona
    constrained
    • verboclass

    names núcleo

  4. el estímulo, con el que el verbo concuerda en número
    positional

    no lexical filler — this slot marks a position only

    names sujeto

Everything joined to this object

One group per typed edge, in both directions. A1b guarantees no object node is an orphan, so this is the whole navigation: an object with no edges would have failed the build rather than reached this page.

What this object is a kind of

Walking this object's own `is-a` edges: what it is a kind of. Several branches from one object are several classification axes, not competing supertypes.

objects
1
places drawn
1
multi-parent
None in this view. This subgraph happens to be a tree, which the explorer draws as one without assuming it is one.

Siblings are listed by name, then by id to break ties. That is a display choice made here and not an order the graph asserts.

Fan-out per dimension

A4

One row per dimension, largest first. That is a display order, not a verdict: 03-schema.md declares no threshold above which fan-out is too much, so this reports the count and grades nothing.

  • case13 values
  • mood8 values
  • voice8 values
  • aspect7 values
  • aktionsart6 values
  • number6 values
  • person6 values
  • tense6 values
  • comparison4 values
  • evidentiality4 values
  • gender4 values
  • politeness4 values
  • valency4 values
  • animacy3 values
  • definiteness3 values
  • deixis3 values
  • finiteness2 values
  • information structure2 values
  • interrogativity2 values
  • polarity2 values
  • switch-reference2 values

What kinds of this object there are

Walking the `is-a` edges that point at this object: what kinds of it there are. An object reachable two ways is drawn in both places and is still one object.

objects
1
places drawn
1
multi-parent
None in this view. This subgraph happens to be a tree, which the explorer draws as one without assuming it is one.

Siblings are listed by name, then by id to break ties. That is a display choice made here and not an order the graph asserts.

has-a

edges.has-a

the parent carries this

this object carries

selects

edges.selects

the parent requires this elsewhere

this object requires, elsewhere

  • CLASSclítico dativocls.spa.clitico-dativodocumented
    • conditionThe dative clitic is obligatory even where the experiencer is also expressed as a full phrase, so the construction requires the doubling that is optional elsewhere.

derives

edges.derives

the why-chain

derived by