Logos

DERIVATIONder.spa.el-marcado-de-objeto-exige-dos-condiciones

object marking requires two conditions at once

The marker appears before a direct object only when the object both denotes a living being and picks out a particular one, and failing either condition is enough to block it.

Two conditions are jointly required and a description stating only one predicts the wrong half of the data. An object naming a particular person takes the marker. An object naming a profession without picking out anyone in particular does not, and the condition it fails is specificity, not animacy, since a profession is as animate as a person. An object naming a vehicle does not, and the condition it fails is animacy, not specificity, since a particular vehicle is as specific as a particular person. The two residue cases are carried as separate edges naming the premise each one fails, because a residue list recording only that the two are uncovered throws away the half of the statement that does the explaining.

statusstatus
documentedasserted, and the sources agree
provenanceprovenance
authoredwritten for Logos, from first principles
derivation statusderivation_status
unstatednobody has said whether it follows from anything
saliencesalience
No salience. Where no frequency source applies the object carries none, rather than a default or a guess (03-schema.md §3.5).
aliasesaliases
None recorded.
sourcessources
  • SOURCENueva gramática de la lengua española (2009)src.nueva-gramaticano page in v1
  • SOURCEA New Reference Grammar of Modern Spanish (Butt and Benjamin)src.butt-benjaminno page in v1

Premises

derivation.premises

What has to be true for this chain to run. Roughly half of a chain's premises are other derivations, so a premise is often itself a chain.

object marking requires two conditions at once

The marker appears before a direct object only when the object both denotes a living being and picks out a particular one, and failing either condition is enough to block it.

documentedforward

Premises (3)

  1. 1marcado diferencial de objetoA direct object denotes an animate being and refers to a specific individual rather than to any member of a kind.

Conclusions (2)

derives 1 of 3enumerated

Objects that name a living being without picking out a particular one, and objects that pick out a particular thing that is not a living being. Each fails a different condition.

Residue (2)

Premises and conclusions declare no order (A16); listed alphabetically by id, a display choice and not a claim about which matters most. The steps above them are the one part of this component that IS a declared sequence, read from the applies-to composition chain.

Conclusions

derivation.conclusions

What the chain establishes. This is a set rather than a single fact: 45 percent of sampled derivations conclude about several things at once, and the several-ness is the claim.

Coverage, and what it does not reach

derivation.coverage

The arithmetic half is a required field and the build checks it. The residue rows are the structured half of the same statement.

derives 1 of 3enumerated

Objects that name a living being without picking out a particular one, and objects that pick out a particular thing that is not a living being. Each fails a different condition.

every case was counted

Residue

  • CATEGORYinanimatecat.inanimate
    fails onderives.payload.failed_premise
    derives:der.spa.el-marcado-de-objeto-exige-dos-condiciones→rlz.spa-ar.animacythe premise edge this case fails, named rather than left as an unexplained exception
  • CATEGORYnonspecific indefinitecat.nonspecific-indefinite
    fails onderives.payload.failed_premise
    derives:der.spa.el-marcado-de-objeto-exige-dos-condiciones→cat.specific-indefinitethe premise edge this case fails, named rather than left as an unexplained exception

Everything joined to this object

One group per typed edge, in both directions. A1b guarantees no object node is an orphan, so this is the whole navigation: an object with no edges would have failed the build rather than reached this page.

What this object is a kind of

Walking this object's own `is-a` edges: what it is a kind of. Several branches from one object are several classification axes, not competing supertypes.

objects
1
places drawn
1
multi-parent
None in this view. This subgraph happens to be a tree, which the explorer draws as one without assuming it is one.

Siblings are listed by name, then by id to break ties. That is a display choice made here and not an order the graph asserts.

Fan-out per dimension

A4

One row per dimension, largest first. That is a display order, not a verdict: 03-schema.md declares no threshold above which fan-out is too much, so this reports the count and grades nothing.

  • case13 values
  • mood8 values
  • voice8 values
  • aspect7 values
  • aktionsart6 values
  • number6 values
  • person6 values
  • tense6 values
  • comparison4 values
  • evidentiality4 values
  • gender4 values
  • politeness4 values
  • valency4 values
  • animacy3 values
  • definiteness3 values
  • deixis3 values
  • finiteness2 values
  • information structure2 values
  • interrogativity2 values
  • polarity2 values
  • switch-reference2 values

What kinds of this object there are

Walking the `is-a` edges that point at this object: what kinds of it there are. An object reachable two ways is drawn in both places and is still one object.

objects
1
places drawn
1
multi-parent
None in this view. This subgraph happens to be a tree, which the explorer draws as one without assuming it is one.

Siblings are listed by name, then by id to break ties. That is a display choice made here and not an order the graph asserts.

Every one of this object’s 8 edges are rendered above, in the sections its own type owns. Nothing is missing here and nothing is repeated.