Logos

CONSTRUCTIONcon.spa.perifrasis-de-gerundio

perífrasis de gerundio

The general shape of a two part predicate in which a finite verb carries the tense and person while a gerund beside it carries the meaning and the internal shape of the event.

The schema states what the members of the family share: one finite verb supplying tense, mood and agreement, one invariable gerund supplying the lexical meaning, and no element between them. Every member marks something about the internal shape of the event rather than about its location in time, which is why the family is grouped under aspect and not under tense. Membership in the first position is stored and small: the verbs that fill it also exist as ordinary verbs with their full meaning, and the test that separates the two uses is whether the original meaning of the first verb still holds. Clitics belonging to the gerund may attach either to it or to the finite verb, and that alternation is available across the whole family, which is the strongest evidence that the pair is one predicate.

statusstatus
documentedasserted, and the sources agree
provenanceprovenance
authoredwritten for Logos, from first principles
derivation statusderivation_status
unstatednobody has said whether it follows from anything
saliencesalience
No salience. Where no frequency source applies the object carries none, rather than a default or a guess (03-schema.md §3.5).
aliasesaliases
  • metalanguagegerund periphrasis
sourcessources
  • SOURCENueva gramática de la lengua española (2009)src.nueva-gramaticano page in v1
  • SOURCEA New Reference Grammar of Modern Spanish (Butt and Benjamin)src.butt-benjaminno page in v1

Why this is a construction at all

construction.admission

Goldberg's admission test: a template earns storage either by being unpredictable or by being frequent.

admissionadmission
frequentit is stored because it recurs often enough to be learned whole

The slots

construction.slots

At least two, by the schema: fewer is not a multi-element template. Every filler is a link, never a name in prose.

  1. 0el auxiliar, finito, que aporta tiempo y personalexically specified: only the fillers below may occupy it

    fillerslots[].filler
    functionslots[].fn
    No function is assigned to this slot.

  2. 1el gerundio, invariable, que aporta el significado léxicolexically specified: only the fillers below may occupy it

    fillerslots[].filler
    functionslots[].fn
    FUNCTIONnúcleofun.spa.nucleo

Slot template

2 slots: 2 constrained, 0 positional, 1 naming a grammatical function.

  1. el auxiliar, finito, que aporta tiempo y persona
    constrained
    • verbo auxiliarclass
  2. el gerundio, invariable, que aporta el significado léxico
    constrained
    • verboclass

    names núcleo

Everything joined to this object

One group per typed edge, in both directions. A1b guarantees no object node is an orphan, so this is the whole navigation: an object with no edges would have failed the build rather than reached this page.

What this object is a kind of

Walking this object's own `is-a` edges: what it is a kind of. Several branches from one object are several classification axes, not competing supertypes.

objects
1
places drawn
1
multi-parent
None in this view. This subgraph happens to be a tree, which the explorer draws as one without assuming it is one.

dimensions in viewauxiliary

Siblings are listed by name, then by id to break ties. That is a display choice made here and not an order the graph asserts.

Fan-out per dimension

A4

One row per dimension, largest first. That is a display order, not a verdict: 03-schema.md declares no threshold above which fan-out is too much, so this reports the count and grades nothing.

  • case13 values
  • mood8 values
  • voice8 values
  • aspect7 values
  • aktionsart6 values
  • number6 values
  • person6 values
  • tense6 values
  • comparison4 values
  • evidentiality4 values
  • gender4 values
  • politeness4 values
  • valency4 values
  • animacy3 values
  • definiteness3 values
  • deixis3 values
  • finiteness2 values
  • information structure2 values
  • interrogativity2 values
  • polarity2 values
  • switch-reference2 values

What kinds of this object there are

Walking the `is-a` edges that point at this object: what kinds of it there are. An object reachable two ways is drawn in both places and is still one object.

objects
7
places drawn
7
multi-parent
None in this view. This subgraph happens to be a tree, which the explorer draws as one without assuming it is one.

dimensions in viewauxiliary

Siblings are listed by name, then by id to break ties. That is a display choice made here and not an order the graph asserts.

is-a

edges.is-a

subsumption

these are kinds of this object

has-a

edges.has-a

the parent carries this

this object carries

selects

edges.selects

the parent requires this elsewhere

this object requires, elsewhere

  • CLASSverbo auxiliarcls.spa.verbo-auxiliardocumented
    • conditionThe first position admits only the small stored set of verbs that have grammaticalised into auxiliaries of this shape; an ordinary verb followed by a gerund is two predicates, not one.

derives

edges.derives

the why-chain

derived by