Logos

CONSTRUCTIONcon.spa.perifrasis-de-infinitivo

perífrasis de infinitivo

The general shape of a two part predicate in which a finite verb carries the tense and person while an infinitive, sometimes joined by a fixed particle, carries the meaning.

The schema is the largest of the three and the only one with a third position, since some of its members join the two verbs with a fixed particle and others do not. Which particle a given auxiliary takes, and whether it takes one at all, is stored with that auxiliary: two auxiliaries of nearly identical meaning can differ on it, and no rule in the graph settles the choice. The family divides by what it marks. One part marks the internal shape of the event and belongs beside the gerund periphrases; the other marks the speaker's attitude to it and forms the modal family. The record is marked irreducible because clitic climbing is available across the whole family and contradicts the general placement rule, which attaches a clitic to the verb whose argument it is.

statusstatus
documentedasserted, and the sources agree
provenanceprovenance
authoredwritten for Logos, from first principles
derivation statusderivation_status
irreducibleit follows from nothing: an arbitrary fact of the language
saliencesalience
No salience. Where no frequency source applies the object carries none, rather than a default or a guess (03-schema.md §3.5).
aliasesaliases
  • metalanguageinfinitive periphrasis
sourcessources
  • SOURCENueva gramática de la lengua española (2009)src.nueva-gramaticano page in v1
  • SOURCEA New Reference Grammar of Modern Spanish (Butt and Benjamin)src.butt-benjaminno page in v1

Why this is a construction at all

construction.admission

Goldberg's admission test: a template earns storage either by being unpredictable or by being frequent.

admissionadmission
frequentit is stored because it recurs often enough to be learned whole

The slots

construction.slots

At least two, by the schema: fewer is not a multi-element template. Every filler is a link, never a name in prose.

  1. 0el auxiliar, finitolexically specified: only the fillers below may occupy it

    fillerslots[].filler
    functionslots[].fn
    No function is assigned to this slot.

  2. 1el nexo fijo, preposición o conjunción, presente o ausente según el auxiliarlexically specified: only the fillers below may occupy it

    fillerslots[].filler
    functionslots[].fn
    No function is assigned to this slot.

  3. 2el infinitivo, que aporta el significado léxicolexically specified: only the fillers below may occupy it

    fillerslots[].filler
    functionslots[].fn
    FUNCTIONnúcleofun.spa.nucleo

Slot template

3 slots: 3 constrained, 0 positional, 1 naming a grammatical function.

  1. el auxiliar, finito
    constrained
    • verbo auxiliarclass
  2. el nexo fijo, preposición o conjunción, presente o ausente según el auxiliar
    constrained
    • preposiciónclass
    • conjunciónclass
  3. el infinitivo, que aporta el significado léxico
    constrained
    • verboclass

    names núcleo

Everything joined to this object

One group per typed edge, in both directions. A1b guarantees no object node is an orphan, so this is the whole navigation: an object with no edges would have failed the build rather than reached this page.

What this object is a kind of

Walking this object's own `is-a` edges: what it is a kind of. Several branches from one object are several classification axes, not competing supertypes.

objects
1
places drawn
1
multi-parent
None in this view. This subgraph happens to be a tree, which the explorer draws as one without assuming it is one.

dimensions in viewauxiliary

Siblings are listed by name, then by id to break ties. That is a display choice made here and not an order the graph asserts.

Fan-out per dimension

A4

One row per dimension, largest first. That is a display order, not a verdict: 03-schema.md declares no threshold above which fan-out is too much, so this reports the count and grades nothing.

  • case13 values
  • mood8 values
  • voice8 values
  • aspect7 values
  • aktionsart6 values
  • number6 values
  • person6 values
  • tense6 values
  • comparison4 values
  • evidentiality4 values
  • gender4 values
  • politeness4 values
  • valency4 values
  • animacy3 values
  • definiteness3 values
  • deixis3 values
  • finiteness2 values
  • information structure2 values
  • interrogativity2 values
  • polarity2 values
  • switch-reference2 values

What kinds of this object there are

Walking the `is-a` edges that point at this object: what kinds of it there are. An object reachable two ways is drawn in both places and is still one object.

objects
16
places drawn
16
multi-parent
None in this view. This subgraph happens to be a tree, which the explorer draws as one without assuming it is one.

dimensions in viewauxiliary

Siblings are listed by name, then by id to break ties. That is a display choice made here and not an order the graph asserts.

is-a

edges.is-a

subsumption

these are kinds of this object

has-a

edges.has-a

the parent carries this

this object carries

selects

edges.selects

the parent requires this elsewhere

this object requires, elsewhere

  • CLASSpreposicióncls.spa.preposiciondocumented
    • conditionWhich particle joins the two verbs, or whether any does, is stored with the individual auxiliary and is not predictable from its meaning.

overrides

edges.overrides

declared arbitrariness (A7)

this object overrides

derives

edges.derives

the why-chain

derived by